SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji / 2026 / Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3

Green Printing Technologies: Sustainable Screen Printing Applications with Cochineal Natural Dye

Yeşil Baskı Teknolojileri: Koşinil Doğal Boyası ile Sürdürülebilir Serigrafi Baskı Uygulamaları

Bekir Keskin(ANKARA HACI BAYRAM VELİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-9552-6272
Meral Özomay0000-0003-0138-0060
Cengiz Şahin(ANKARA YILDIRIM BEYAZIT ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-8348-0913
Zafer Özomay(MARMARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-7650-733X
Pages
1811–1821
Publication Date
2026-09-30
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The results demonstrate that cochineal-based natural printing pastes have the potential to serve as a sustainable alternative in screen printing; however, improvements in light and washing fastness are required to enhance their industrial applicability.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Global climate change has made it imperative to introduce changes and improve processes across various sectors.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The extract was separately thickened with guar gum and starch, and printing was applied to cotton and viscose fabrics using inks prepared both without mordant and with varying concentrations of potassium aluminum sulfate as a mordant.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The results demonstrate that cochineal-based natural printing pastes have the potential to serve as a sustainable alternative in screen printing; however, improvements in light and washing fastness are required to enhance their industrial applicability.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:serigrafi baskı · doğal boya · sürdürülebilirlik

Abstract

Global climate change has made it imperative to introduce changes and improve processes across various sectors. Owing to its high production volume and its environmental impact extending from raw material sourcing to post-use waste generation, the textile industry is among the sectors exerting considerable pressure on the environment and thus requiring priority improvement. In textile coloration, screen printing is one of the widely preferred methods; however, the environmental drawbacks associated with the use of synthetic dyes in this process highlight the need for studies promoting the use of sustainable materials. In this study, an extract derived from the cochineal insect was utilized as a natural dye in the formulation of screen-printing inks. The extract was separately thickened with guar gum and starch, and printing was applied to cotton and viscose fabrics using inks prepared both without mordant and with varying concentrations of potassium aluminum sulfate as a mordant. Spectrophotometric measurements were conducted on the printed samples, and light, rubbing, and washing fastness properties were evaluated. The results demonstrate that cochineal-based natural printing pastes have the potential to serve as a sustainable alternative in screen printing; however, improvements in light and washing fastness are required to enhance their industrial applicability.

Özet

Küresel iklim değişikliği sorunu, her alanda bazı değişikliklerin yapılmasını ve süreçlerin iyileştirilmesini zorunlu hâle getirmiştir. Geniş üretim hacmi ve hammadde aşamasından kullanım sonrası atık sürecine kadar uzanan etkisiyle tekstil sektörü, çevre kirliliği üzerinde ciddi baskı oluşturan ve öncelikli iyileştirme gerektiren başlıca sektörlerden biridir. Tekstil kumaşlarının renklendirilmesinde sıklıkla tercih edilen yöntemlerden biri olan serigrafi baskıda tercih edilen sentetik boya kullanımının olumsuz çevresel etkileri nedeniyle sürdürülebilir malzemelerin kullanımını teşvik etmeye yönelik çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu araştırmada koşinil böceğinden elde edilen ekstrakt, serigrafi baskı mürekkebi yapımında doğal boya olarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada guar gum ve nişasta ile ayrı ayrı kıvamlaştırılan ekstrakt ile mordansız ve Potasyum Alüminyum Sülfat mordanının farklı konsantrasyonlarına sahip mürekkep ile pamuk ve viskoz kumaşlara baskı yapılmıştır. Baskıların spektrofotometrik ölçümleri yapılmış olup; ışık, sürtünme ve yıkama haslıkları analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, koşinil esaslı doğal baskı patlarının serigrafi baskıda sürdürülebilir bir alternatif oluşturma potansiyeline sahip olduğunu; ancak ışık ve yıkama haslıklarının iyileştirilmesinin endüstriyel uygulanabilirlik açısından gerekli olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Keskin, B., Özomay, M., Şahin, C., Özomay, Z. (2026). Green Printing Technologies: Sustainable Screen Printing Applications with Cochineal Natural Dye. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3, 1811–1821. https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.2026849

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (42)

  1. Bommineedi, L.K., Upadhyay, N., Minnes, R. (2023). Screen Printing: An Ease Thin Film Technique. In: Sankapal, B.R., Ennaoui, A., Gupta, R.B., Lokhande, C.D. (eds) Simple Chemical Methods for Thin Film Deposition. Springer, Singapore.
  2. Hawkyard, C. J. (2003). Screen printing. In L. W. C. Miles (Ed.), Textile printing. Society of Dyers and Colourists.
  3. Özomay, M., & Özomay, Z. (2021). The effect of temperature and time variables on printing quality in sublimation transfer printing on nylon and polyester fabric. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, (23), 882-891.
  4. Chen, N., Liu, Y., Shao, Y., Hu, X., Zhang, X., Liu, R.,. & Li, W. (2025). Review of the latest industrial progress in screen printing. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 290, 113734.
  5. Keskin, B., Altay, B. N., Kurt, A., & Fleming, P. D. (2020). Sustainability in paper-based packaging. Gazi Journal of engineering sciences, 6(2), 129-137.
  6. Keskin, B., Altay, B. N., Akyol, M., Meral, G., Uyar, O., & Fleming, P. D. (2018). Global Packaging Trends. 6. Uluslararası Matbaa Teknolojileri Sempozyumu, 01-03.
  7. Zhara, H., Adeel, S., Özomay, Z., & Mia, R. (2024). Properties and performance relationship of biopolymers in textile industry. In Biopolymers in the textile industry: Opportunities and limitations (pp. 87-121). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
  8. Suresh, R.R., Lakshmanakumar, M., Arockia Jayalatha, J.B.B. et al. (2021). Fabrication of screen-printed electrodes: opportunities and challenges. J Mater Sci 56, 8951–9006.
  9. Barbosa, M.C., Rosa, S.E.S.D., Correa, A.R., Dvorsak, P., Gomes, G., (2004). Setor de fibras sintéticas e suprimento de intermediários petroquímicos.Rio de Janeiro: BNDES Setorial, 20, 77-125.
  10. Peterson, A., (2014). Towards Recycling of Textile Fibres: Separation and Characterization of Textile Fibers and Blends. PhD Thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Ssweden, pp. 1-75.
  11. Candido, Rafael. (2021). Recycling of textiles and its economic aspects.
  12. Güngör, F., Özomay, M., & Özomay, Z. (2022). Determination Of Optimum Dyeing Recipe With Different Amount Of Mordants İn Handmade Cotton Fabrics Woven With Olive Leaves By Grey Relational Analysis Method.
  13. Hearle, J. W., & Morton, W. E. (2008). Physical properties of textile fibres. Elsevier.
  14. Koh, J., Kim, I. S., Kim, S. S., Shim, W. S., & Kim, J. P. (2005). Reactive dyeing properties of novel regenerated cellulosic fibres. Dyes and pigments, 64(1), 9-16.
  15. Varnaitė-Žuravliova, S., & Baltušnikaitė-Guzaitienė, J. (2024). Properties, production, and recycling of regenerated cellulose fibers: special medical applications. Journal of Functional Biomaterials, 15(11), 348.
  16. Dayal, A. (2019). High Wet Modulus Viscose: Performance and Market Opportunity Study.
  17. Özomay, Z., Şahin, C., & Keskin, B. (2021). Investigation of the effect of different screening methods on print quality in digital printing system. Politeknik Dergisi, 24(3), 1213-1217.
  18. Samanta, A. K., & Agarwal, P. (2009). Application of natural dyes on textiles. Indian journal of fibre & textile research, 34(4), 384-399.
  19. Bechtold, T., & Mussak, R. (Eds.). (2009). Handbook of natural colorants (Vol. 8). John Wiley & Sons.
  20. Cardon, D. (2007). Natural dyes. Sources, tradition, technology and science, 268.
  21. Donkin, R. A. (1977). Spanish red: an ethnogeographical study of cochineal and the Opuntia cactus. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 67(5), 1-84.
  22. Shahid, M., & Mohammad, F. (2013). Recent advancements in natural dye applications: a review. Journal of cleaner production, 53, 310-331.
  23. Repon, M. R., Islam, T., Paul, T. K., Jurkonienė, S., Haji, A., Shukhratov, S., & Toki, G. F. I. (2024). Natural dyes in textile printing: parameters, methods, and performance. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31(35), 47552-47583.
  24. Miles, L.W.C. (2003), Textile Printing. Society of Dyers and Colourists.
  25. Arroyo-Figueroa, G., Ruiz-Aguilar, G.M.L., Cuevas-Rodriguez, G. and Sanchez, G.G. (2011), Cotton fabric dyeing with cochineal extract: influence of mordant concentration. Coloration Technology, 127: 39-46.
  26. Bamford S, Broadbent PJ, Carr CM, et al (2026). Investigation into the dyeing of pre-mordanted & cationised woven cotton fabric with cochineal. Coloration Technology. 1-10.
  27. Adeel, S., Ozomay, Z., Ozomay, M., Massadikova, G., & Nasir, S. (2025). Microbial Pigments in Fashion, Art, and Packaging. Microbial Colorants: Chemistry, Biosynthesis and Applications, 385-395.
  28. Olvera-Quintanar E, García-Lapuente J, Cruz-Moreno G. A, Tapia-Mendoza E. Optimisation of purple dyeing with Mexican cochineal in cotton with multivariate analysis and the response surface method. Coloration Technology. 2026; 142(1): 156-169. doi:10.1111/cote.12822
  29. Fijan, R., Basile, M., Lapasin, M., Šostar-Turk, S. (2009). Rheological properties of printing pastes and their influence on quality-determining parameters in screen printing of cotton with reactive dyes using recycled polysaccharide thickeners, Carbohydrate Polymers, (78-1), 25-35. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol. 2009.03.022.
  30. Ebrahim, S.A., Hassabo, A.G., Othman, H. (2021). Natural thickener in textile printing (a mini review). Journal of Textiles, Coloration and Polymer Science. 18(1), 55-64.
  31. Salman, M., Adeel, S., Usama, M., Zaka, A., Özomay, Z., & Mia, R. (2025). Biotechnological Innovations for Sustainable and Environment-Friendly Textile Production. In Sustainable Finishing Techniques in Textiles (pp. 71-89). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
  32. Tchinda, JBS., Pétrissans, A., Molina, S., Ndikontar, MK., Mounguengui, S., Dumarçay, S., Gérardin, P (2014). Study of the feasibility of a natural dye on cellulosic textile supports by red padouk (Pterocarpus soyauxii) and yellow movingui (Distemonanthus benthamianus) extracts. Industrial Crops and Products. 60, 291-297.
  33. Adeel, S., Abrar, S., Ozomay, M., Hussaan, M., & Batool, F. (2024). Evolving role of plant pigments in the cosmetic industry. In Renewable Dyes and Pigments (pp. 307-319). Elsevier.
  34. Adeel, S., Zuber, M., Kınık, M., Zor, A., Büyükkol, S., Kahraman, A. D.,. & Khattak, S. P. (2023). Green application of isolated colorant from neem bark for mordant-coated wool: Optimization of dyeing and mordanting for shade development. Coatings, 13(9), 1639.
  35. Adeel, S., Hussaan, M., Rehman, F. ur, Habib, N., Salman, M., Naz, S., Amin, N., Akhtar, N. (2019). Microwave-assisted sustainable dyeing of wool fabric using cochineal-based carminic acid as natural colorant. Journal of Natural Fibers, 16(7), 1026–1034.
  36. Degani, L., Gulmini, M., Piccablotto, G., Iacomussi, P., Gastaldi, D., Bello, F.D., & Chiantore, O. (2017). Stability of natural dyes under light emitting diode lamps. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 26, 12-21.
  37. Berrie, B.H., Strumfels, Y (2017). Change is permanent: thoughts on the fading of cochineal-based watercolor pigments. Herit Sci 5, 30.
  38. Safapour, S., Toprak Çavdur, T., Çavdur, F., Rather, L. J., Mir, S. S., & Dar, Q. F., (2025). Experimental and statistical examination of the use of acids and mordants in wool dyeing with cochineal. Fibers and Polymers, vol.26, no.9, 3981-3995.
  39. Adeel, S., Akram, H., Usman, M., Bokhari, T. H., Aftab, M., & Ozomay, M. (2023). Eco-friendly microwave assisted sustainable coloration of silk and wool fabric with Acid Blue 07 dye. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(30), 74939-74951.
  40. Safapour, S., Almas, R., Rather, L. J., Mir, S. S., Assiri, M. A., & Rostamzadeh, P. (2026). Functional and photostable textile dyeing: a comparative study of natural (madder, cochineal) and synthetic (Alizarin Red S) dyes on wool yarns. The Journal of The Textile Institute, 117(6), 1228–1242.
  41. Chen, N., Liu, Y., Shao, Y., Hu, X., Zhang, X., Liu, R.,. & Li, W. (2025). Review of the latest industrial progress in screen printing. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 290, 113734.
  42. Adeel, S., Zuber, M., Kınık, M., Zor, A., Büyükkol, S., Kahraman, A. D.,. & Khattak, S. P. (2023). Green application of isolated colorant from neem bark for mordant-coated wool: Optimization of dyeing and mordanting for shade development. Coatings, 13(9), 1639.