Journals / Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji / 2026 / Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1

Comparison of the Wear Resistance and Effects on Weld Bead of CuCr1Zr and W-Cu Alloy Contact Tips in Robotic Arc Welding

Robotik Ark Kaynağında CuCr1Zr ve W-Cu Alaşımlı Kontak Tiplerin Aşınma Direncinin ve Kaynak Dikişi Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Karşılaştırılması

Mehmet Has(TOYOTETSU Otomotiv Parçaları Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.)0009-0006-8328-744X
Diğdem Atabek(TOYOTETSU Otomotiv Parçaları Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş)0009-0001-0155-7164
Onur Muratal(TOYOTETSU Otomotiv Parçaları Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş)0000-0002-5419-9196
Pages
57–68
Publication Date
2026-03-06
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In welding processes using CuCr1Zr contact tip, it was observed that the heat affected zones were wider but more regular in terms of microstructure and grain growth was more limited compared to the parts produced with W80-Cu20.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:In robotic gas metal arc welding (GMAW), copper alloy contact tips (contact nozzle) are subject to sliding contact and thermomechanical stress, which leads to tip wear and an increase in diameter over time.
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Key Findings & Data:In this study, as an alternative to the use of copper alloy (CuCr1Zr) contact tips, tungsten alloy (W80-Cu20) contact tip was developed and tested in robotic arc welding application.
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Conclusion & Impact:In welding processes using CuCr1Zr contact tip, it was observed that the heat affected zones were wider but more regular in terms of microstructure and grain growth was more limited compared to the parts produced with W80-Cu20.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:25 specimens
⚙️Variables:Tungsten Alaşım · Robotik Ark Kaynağı · Kontak Meme

Abstract

In robotic gas metal arc welding (GMAW), copper alloy contact tips (contact nozzle) are subject to sliding contact and thermomechanical stress, which leads to tip wear and an increase in diameter over time. This dimensional change negatively affects the precise positioning of the welding wire, thereby reducing welding accuracy. Therefore, there is a search for the use of contact tips produced from different alloys. In this study, as an alternative to the use of copper alloy (CuCr1Zr) contact tips, tungsten alloy (W80-Cu20) contact tip was developed and tested in robotic arc welding application. In the developed contact tip, it is aimed to utilise the electrical conductivity of copper (Cu) and the mechanical wear resistance of tungsten (W). A low carbon steel with a strength of 600 MPa was used as a reference material. Welding trials were carried out using both contact tip types under the same welding parameters and 25 specimens were produced for each. The tip diameters were measured before and after welding to evaluate the wear resistance. In the CuCr1Zr alloy contact tip, a diameter wear rate of approximately 12.86% was determined as a result of the measurements. In the tungsten alloy contact tip, the diameter wear rate was determined to be very low, approximately 1.43%. In this case, the wear resistance of the W80-Cu20 alloy contact tips increased significantly. Shear tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed on the welded joints. As a result of the analysis, it was observed that the newly developed W80-Cu20 alloy contact tip conducts less electricity passing through it, so the current decreases in direct proportion, creating a weaker arc and providing less weld penetration than the CuCr1Zr alloy contact type. In welding processes using CuCr1Zr contact tip, it was observed that the heat affected zones were wider but more regular in terms of microstructure and grain growth was more limited compared to the parts produced with W80-Cu20.

Özet

Robotik gazaltı ark kaynaklarında kullanılan bakır alaşımlı kontak tiplerin uçları (kontak meme), kayar temas ve termomekanik yüklere maruz kalmasından dolayı aşınarak çapları genişlemektedir. Genişleyen çaplar kullanılan kaynak telinin konumlandırmasını güçleştirdiğinden, kaynak hassasiyetini etkilemektedir. Bundan dolayı farklı alaşımlardan üretilen kontak tip kullanımı arayışı doğmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bakır alaşımlı (CuCr1Zr) kontak tiplerin kullanımına alternatif olarak tungsten alaşımlı (W80-Cu20) kontak tip geliştirilerek robotik ark kaynağı uygulamasında test edilmiştir. Geliştirilen kontak tipte, bakırın (Cu) elektriksel iletkenliğinden faydalanılırken, tungstenin (W) mekanik aşınma direncinden faydalanılması amaçlanmıştır. Referans parça olarak 600 MPa dayanımlı düşük karbonlu çelik seçilmiştir. Yapılan uygulamalarda, her iki alaşımlı kontak tip bu referans parça üzerinde denenmiştir. Denemede 25’er adet parça üretilmiştir. Her iki kontak tip denemelerinde de aynı kaynak parametreleri kullanılmıştır. Ark kaynak işlemi öncesi ve sonrası her iki kontak tipin uç çapları ölçülerek aşınma dayanım performansları incelenmiştir. CuCr1Zr alaşımlı kontak tip ucunda, yapılan ölçümler sonucunda yaklaşık 12.86% oranında bir çap aşınması tespit edilmiştir. Tungsten alaşımlı kontak ucunda ise çap aşınma oranı oldukça düşük seviyede, yaklaşık 1.43% olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu hesaplamalara göre, W80-Cu20 alaşımlı kontak tip tasarımının CuCr1Zr alaşımlı kontak tipten aşınma dayanımı olarak daha üstün olduğu görülmüştür. Kaynak işlemiyle birleştirilen parçalara kesme testi ve mikroyapı analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda, yeni geliştirilen W80-Cu20 alaşımlı kontak tipin üzerinden geçen elektriği daha az ilettiği, buna bağlı olarak akımın da doğru orantıda azalarak daha güçsüz ark oluşturduğu ve CuCr1Zr alaşımlı kontak tipe göre daha az kaynak nüfuziyeti sağladığı görülmüştür. CuCr1Zr kontak tip kullanılarak yapılan kaynak işlemlerinde, W80-Cu20 ile üretilen parçalara kıyasla ısıdan etkilenen bölgelerin daha geniş ancak mikroyapı açısından daha düzenli olduğu, ayrıca tane büyümesinin daha sınırlı gerçekleştiği gözlemlenmiştir.

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Cite This Article

Has, M., Atabek, D., Muratal, O. (2026). Comparison of the Wear Resistance and Effects on Weld Bead of CuCr1Zr and W-Cu Alloy Contact Tips in Robotic Arc Welding. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 57–68. https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1728541

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