Journals / Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji / 2026 / Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2

CFD-Based Aerodynamic Assessment of a Truck–Cylindrical Liquid Tanker Configuration

Kamyon-Silindirik Sıvı Tankeri Konfigürasyonunun CFD Tabanlı Aerodinamik Değerlendirmesi

Pages
1014–1027
Publication Date
2026-06-30
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The drag force plays a critical role in the overall performance of heavy-duty vehicles, particularly truck–tanker combinations.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The drag force plays a critical role in the overall performance of heavy-duty vehicles, particularly truck–tanker combinations.
📊
Key Findings & Data:In this study, the aerodynamic characteristics of a 1/32-scale truck model and its tanker-integrated configuration were numerically investigated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tests in ANSYS Fluent®.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:It identifies the flow regions that contribute most to drag, thus providing a reference for future aerodynamic improvement studies and literature for truck-tanker type heavy vehicles.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Aerodinamik · Kamyon · Tanker

Abstract

The drag force plays a critical role in the overall performance of heavy-duty vehicles, particularly truck–tanker combinations. In this study, the aerodynamic characteristics of a 1/32-scale truck model and its tanker-integrated configuration were numerically investigated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tests in ANSYS Fluent®. Steady-state flow analyses were first conducted for the baseline truck model at free-stream velocities of 9.3 m/s, 13.4 m/s, 17.7 m/s, and 22.3 m/s, corresponding to Reynolds numbers ranging from 1.75×10⁵ to 4.21×10⁵. Subsequently, a food tanker model was added to the truck, and additional simulations were carried out at the same free-stream velocities, covering Reynolds numbers between 2.92×10⁵ and 7.00×10⁵. The aerodynamic effects of tanker integration and the resulting flow structures around the truck–tanker configuration were examined in detail. All three fundamental similarity requirements for aerodynamic modeling were satisfied, and Reynolds number independence was employed to ensure dynamic similarity between the 1/32-scale model vehicles and the full-size vehicle. The drag coefficient of the baseline tanker model was determined to be 0.745. In contrast, the drag coefficient of the combined truck–tanker configuration increased to 0.807, indicating an average drag increase of 8.19% due to the addition of the tanker. Flow-field analyses revealed a pronounced low-pressure region in the gap between the truck and the tanker, which significantly contributed to the increased drag. Furthermore, the individual contributions of pressure-based and friction-based drag to the total drag were determined. The detailed flow visualizations were analyzed to elucidate the underlying aerodynamic mechanisms. This study characterizes the aerodynamic properties of a truck-cylindrical tanker configuration. It identifies the flow regions that contribute most to drag, thus providing a reference for future aerodynamic improvement studies and literature for truck-tanker type heavy vehicles.

Özet

Sürükleme kuvveti, özellikle kamyon-tanker kombinasyonları olmak üzere ağır hizmet araçlarının genel performansında kritik bir rol oynar. Bu çalışmada, 1/32 ölçekli bir kamyon modelinin ve tanker entegre edilmiş konfigürasyonunun aerodinamik özellikleri, ANSYS Fluent®'te Hesaplamalı Akışkanlar Dinamiği (CFD) testleri kullanılarak sayısal olarak incelenmiştir. İlk olarak, 9,3 m/s, 13,4 m/s, 17,7 m/s ve 22,3 m/s serbest akış hızlarında, Reynolds sayıları 1,75×10⁵ ile 4,21×10⁵ arasında değişen temel kamyon modeli için kararlı durum akış analizleri yapılmıştır. Daha sonra, kamyona bir gıda tankeri modeli eklenmiş ve aynı serbest akış hızlarında, Reynolds sayıları 2,92×10⁵ ile 7,00×10⁵ arasında değişen ek simülasyonlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tanker entegrasyonunun aerodinamik etkileri ve kamyon-tanker konfigürasyonu etrafındaki akış yapıları detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Aerodinamik modelleme için gerekli üç temel benzerlik şartı karşılanmış ve 1/32 ölçekli model araçlar ile tam boyutlu araç arasında dinamik benzerlik sağlamak için Reynolds sayısından bağımsızlık kullanılmıştır. Temel tanker modelinin sürüklenme katsayısı 0,745 olarak belirlenmiştir. Buna karşılık, birleşik kamyon-tanker konfigürasyonunun sürüklenme katsayısı 0,807'ye yükselmiş olup, tankerin eklenmesi nedeniyle ortalama sürüklenmede %8,19'luk bir artış gözlemlenmiştir. Akış alanı analizleri, kamyon ve tanker arasındaki boşlukta belirgin bir düşük basınç bölgesini ortaya çıkarmış ve bu da sürüklenmedeki artışa önemli ölçüde katkıda bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, toplam sürüklenmeye basınç ve sürtünme kaynaklı sürüklenmenin bireysel katkıları belirlenmiştir. Altta yatan aerodinamik mekanizmaları aydınlatmak için detaylı akış görselleştirmeleri analiz edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, bir kamyon-silindirik tanker konfigürasyonunun aerodinamik özelliklerini karakterize etmektedir. Bu yöntem, sürtünmeye en çok katkıda bulunan akış bölgelerini belirleyerek, kamyon-tanker tipi ağır araçlar için gelecekteki aerodinamik iyileştirme çalışmaları ve literatürü için bir referans sağlar.

🔖

Cite This Article

Bayındırlı, C., Keçelioğlu, F. (2026). CFD-Based Aerodynamic Assessment of a Truck–Cylindrical Liquid Tanker Configuration. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 1014–1027. https://ajindex.com/articles/1398790

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (20)

  1. Allan, J., Song, M., Leuschen, W. Considerable drag reduction and fuel saving of a tractor–trailer using additive aerodynamic devices. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 2019;191, 54–62.
  2. Bayındırlı, C., Akansu, Y. E., Salman, M.S. Drag reduction of a truck and trailer combination with different passive flow control methods. Isı Bilimi ve Tekniği Dergisi. 2024; 44(2), 374–381.
  3. Hsu, F.-H., Davis, R. Tractor–Trailer Drag Reduction Strategies Determined from CFD AIAA Paper. 2008;4307.
  4. Hammache, A., Browand, F. Aerodynamic forces on a simplified tractor–trailer model. Journal of Fluids Engineering. 2004; 126(6), 1033–1040.
  5. Choi, H., Lee, J., Park, H. Computational simulation of tractor–trailer gap flow with drag-reducing devices Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics.2005; 93(3), 231–244.
  6. Wang, J. Zhang, X., Wang, L., Liu, F., Liu, Z. Study of the aerodynamics of a full-scale tractor-trailer, Vibroengineering Procedia. 2025; 58, 132–138.
  7. Jacuzzi, E., Granlund, K. Passive flow control for drag reduction in vehicle platoons. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 2019; 189, 104–117.
  8. Koç, İ., Yavuz, T., Aradağ, S. Shape optimisation of teardrop trailers for aerodynamic drag reduction. International Journal of Thermofluids. 2023; 18, 100334.
  9. Zhang, L., Zhou, Y., Chen, H. Numerical investigation of drag reduction devices applied to heavy-duty semi-trailers. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 2022; 225, 105011.
  10. Skrúcaný, T., Semanová, Š., Gnap, J., Figlus, T. Drag reduction of semi-trailer aerodynamic devices using CFD simulation. Transportation Research Procedia. 2021; 55, 1069–1076.
  11. Hucho, W.H. Aerodynamics of road vehicles (5th ed.). Warrendale, PA: SAE International. 2013.
  12. Miralbes, R., Garrido, J., Chiva, J. Aerodynamic analysis of improvements on semi-trailer tankers. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 2012; 107–108, 39–47.
  13. Fahad, B., Tariq, T., Shahid, A., Abdur Rehman, M., Mahad, B., Dong-Won, J. Aerodynamic enhancement of semi-trailer trucks: a CFD-based study for fuel optimization, Transportation Safety and Environment. 2025; 7- 4, tdaf059.
  14. Ngo, Uyen T. Numerical investigation of aerodynamic performance of a liquid tanker semi-trailer under crosswind conditions Master of Engineering Thesis University of Southern Queensland. 2023; 1–124.
  15. Bayındırlı, C., Keçelioğlu, F., and Karcı, O. Experimental Determination of Aerodynamic Drag Coefficient of Truck-Tanker Combination, VII. International Turkic World Congress of Science and Engineering (Turk-Cose) 13–15 November 2025, Pristina, Kosovo
  16. Çengel, Y.A., and Cimbala, J.M. Akışkanlar Mekaniği Temelleri ve Uygulamaları, Güven Bilimsel Yayınları. 2008; 562-599.
  17. https://www.ansys.com/products/fluids/ansys-fluent
  18. Wood, R.M. and Bauer, S.X.S. Simple and low-cost aerodynamic drag reduction devices for truck-trailer trucks. SAE Technical Paper. 2003; 01–3377, 1-18.
  19. İnce, İ.T. Aerodynamic Analysis of GTD Model Administrative Service Vehicle PhD Thesis, Gazi University Institute of Science, Ankara. 2010; 30-66.
  20. Anderson, J. D. Fundamentals of aerodynamics (5th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. 2010.