Journals / Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2

Serum Clusterin as a Sensitive Biomarker for Kidney Disease in Cats: A Comparative Evaluation in Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Kedilerde Böbrek Hastalıkları İçin Duyarlı Bir Biyobelirteç Olarak Serum Clusterin: Akut Böbrek Hasarı ve Kronik Böbrek Hastalığında Karşılaştırmalı Bir Değerlendirme

Alfatıh Mohammed Ahmed Abozaid(ERCİYES ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ)0000-0002-7338-6544
Vehbi Güneş(Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi)0000-0002-4047-4409
Pages
155–167
Publication Date
2026-08-29
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Results indicated that mean serum clusterin concentrations were significantly elevated in diseased cats.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Current biomarkers for feline kidney disease, including creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), have limited sensitivity for early injury and do not reliably distinguish acute kidney injury (AKI) from chronic kidney disease (CKD).
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Key Findings & Data:In the study group, blood samples were collected from a total of 38 cats.
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Conclusion & Impact:Results indicated that mean serum clusterin concentrations were significantly elevated in diseased cats.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Akut böbrek hasarı · clusterin · kronik böbrek hasatalığı

Abstract

Current biomarkers for feline kidney disease, including creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), have limited sensitivity for early injury and do not reliably distinguish acute kidney injury (AKI) from chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to evaluate serum and urinary clusterin (CLU) levels in felines presenting urinary system disorders, with a focus on acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), to determine its potential as a sensitive biomarker of renal pathology. In the study group, blood samples were collected from a total of 38 cats. For the primary analysis, cats were classified according to their predominant renal status into two mutually exclusive groups: chronic kidney disease (CKD, n=19), acute kidney injury (AKI, n=19) from various breeds brought to Erciyes University Training and Research Hospital. Control group samples were also taken from 10 healthy cats brought to the same center for general health control. Clusterin quantification was performed using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results indicated that mean serum clusterin concentrations were significantly elevated in diseased cats. The mean serum clusterin level was found to be 42.87 μg/mL (34.51 - 57.17) in all sick cats and 36.42 μg/mL (29.08 - 48.39) in healthy cats. Cats with chronic renal failure had statistically significantly higher mean clusterin levels (84.79±61.87 μg/ mL) than cats with acute kidney failure (38.80±15.18 μg/mL) (P<0.001). Correlation analyses revealed strong positive associations between serum clusterin and conventional renal injury markers, including blood urea nitrogen (BUN, r=0.756), creatinine (r=0.829), and phosphorus (r=0.744; all P<0.001). Serum clusterin concentrations differed significantly between cats with renal disease and healthy controls and were further assessed by ROC analysis for discrimination between CKD and AKI. At an optimal cut-off value of 3.11, sensitivity was 77.8%, and specificity was 25%, indicating limited discriminatory performance. Despite statistical differences between groups, substantial overlap and low specificity resulted in poor classification accuracy. Overall, serum clusterin shows an association with renal disease status; however, its ability to distinguish CKD from AKI is limited under the current conditions, and it should not be considered a stand-alone diagnostic marker.

Özet

Kedilerde böbrek hastalığı için kullanılan mevcut biyobelirteçler, kreatinin ve kan üre azotu (BUN) dahil olmak üzere, erken dönem hasarı saptamada sınırlı duyarlılığa sahiptir ve akut böbrek hasarı (ABH) ile kronik böbrek hastalığını (KBH) güvenilir şekilde ayırt edemezler. Bu çalışma, üriner sistem hastalığı olan kedilerde serum ve idrar clusterin (CLU) düzeylerini değerlendirmeyi ve özellikle akut böbrek hasarı (ABH) ile kronik böbrek hastalığı (KBH) kapsamında renal patolojilerin duyarlı bir biyobelirteci olma potansiyelini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Hasta grubunu, Erciyes Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’ne getirilen farklı ırk ve yaşlardaki; toplam 38 hasta kedi, birincil analiz kapsamında kediler, baskın renal durumlarına göre iki birbirini dışlayan gruba ayrılmıştır: kronik böbrek hastalığı (KBH, n=19) ve akut böbrek hasarı (ABH, n=19). Kontrol grubuna ise aynı merkezde rutin sağlık kontrolü amacıyla getirilen 10 sağlıklı kedi dâhil edildi. Clusterin düzeylerinin kantitatif analizi, kompetitif ELISA yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Elde edilen bulgular, hasta gruplarındaki kedilerde ortalama serum clusterin düzeylerinin sağlıklı kedilere kıyasla anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Tüm hasta kedilerde ortalama serum clusterin düzeyi 42.87 μg/mL (34.51-57.17) olarak belirlenirken, sağlıklı kedilerde bu değer 36.42 μg/mL (29.08-48.39) olarak saptanmıştır. Kronik böbrek yetmezliği olan kedilerde serum ortalama clusterin düzeylerinin (84.79±61.87 μg/mL), akut böbrek yetmezliği olan kedilere (38.80±15.18 μg/mL) göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir (P<0.001). Korelasyon analizleri, serum clusterin düzeyleri ile BUN (r=0.756), kreatinin (r=0.829), ve fosfor (r=0.744) gibi böbrek hastalığı belirteçleri arasında güçlü ve pozitif yönlü ilişkiler olduğunu ortaya koymuştur (P<0.001). Diğer gruplar arasında ise önemli farklılıklar saptanmamıştır. Sonuç olarak bu araştırmanın sonuçları, Serum clusterin düzeyleri, böbrek hastalığı olan kediler ile sağlıklı kontrol grubu arasında anlamlı olarak farklı bulunmuş ve CKD ile ABH arasındaki ayırt edici performansı değerlendirmek amacıyla ROC analizi ile incelenmiştir. 3.11’lik optimal cut-off değerinde duyarlılık %77.8, özgüllük ise %25 olarak hesaplanmış olup, bu durum sınırlı ayırt edici performansa işaret etmektedir. Gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmasına rağmen, belirgin örtüşme ve düşük özgüllük, sınıflandırma doğruluğunun yetersiz olduğunu göstermiştir. Genel olarak, serum clusterin böbrek hastalığı varlığı ile ilişkili görünmekle birlikte, mevcut çalışma koşullarında CKD ile ABH’ın ayırt etme kapasitesi sınırlıdır ve tek başına tanısal bir biyobelirteç olarak değerlendirilmemelidir.

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Cite This Article

Abozaid, A. M. A., Güneş, V. (2026). Serum Clusterin as a Sensitive Biomarker for Kidney Disease in Cats: A Comparative Evaluation in Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 155–167. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1867213

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