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Journals / EMO Bilimsel Dergi / 2026 / Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3

Detection of Engine Oil Service Life Using a Stub-Structured Coupled-Line-Based Microwave Sensor

Stub Yapılı Kuplaj Tabanlı Mikrodalga Sensör ile Motor Yağı Kullanım Ömrü Tespiti

Berkay Pehlivan(SULEYMAN DEMIREL UNIVERSITY)0009-0008-8191-6534
Mustafa Yıldırım(SULEYMAN DEMIREL UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-5675-1714
Mahmut Ahmet Gözel(SULEYMAN DEMIREL UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-0360-7188
Pages
15–23
Publication Date
2026-09-30
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Experimental results demonstrated that the resonance frequency systematically shifted toward lower frequencies as the oil usage increased, due to changes in the dielectric constant.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:In this study, a coupling line-supported, stub-structured compact microwave sensor was designed and experimentally validated to monitor engine oil service life non-destructively and with high sensitivity in the microwave frequency range.
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Key Findings & Data:The sensor, fabricated on an AD 255C substrate with dimensions of 120 × 30 mm², was optimized according to quarter-wave impedance matching conditions to enhance the interaction between the electromagnetic field and the oil sample.
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Conclusion & Impact:Experimental results demonstrated that the resonance frequency systematically shifted toward lower frequencies as the oil usage increased, due to changes in the dielectric constant.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Motor yağ · Mikrodalga sensör · kuplaj

Abstract

In this study, a coupling line-supported, stub-structured compact microwave sensor was designed and experimentally validated to monitor engine oil service life non-destructively and with high sensitivity in the microwave frequency range. The sensor, fabricated on an AD 255C substrate with dimensions of 120 × 30 mm², was optimized according to quarter-wave impedance matching conditions to enhance the interaction between the electromagnetic field and the oil sample. The sensor performance was evaluated using the S21 transmission parameter for engine oil samples with usage histories ranging from 0 km to 21,100 km. Experimental results demonstrated that the resonance frequency systematically shifted toward lower frequencies as the oil usage increased, due to changes in the dielectric constant. The resonance frequency decreased from 5.48 GHz in air to 5.20 GHz for unused oil and to 5.12 GHz for oil used for 21,100 km, resulting in a total frequency shift of 360 MHz. The proposed S21-based approach offers a more stable, low-cost, and highly repeatable measurement solution compared to reflection-based systems reported in the literature.

Özet

Bu çalışmada, motor yağı kullanım ömrünün mikrodalga frekans bölgesinde tahribatsız ve yüksek hassasiyetle izlenebilmesi amacıyla kuplaj hattı destekli, stub yapılı kompakt bir sensör tasarlanmış ve deneysel olarak doğrulanmıştır. AD 255C taban malzemesi üzerine inşa edilen 120 ×30 mm² boyutlarındaki sensör, çeyrek dalga empedans uyumlamasına göre optimize edilerek elektromanyetik alanın numune ile etkileşimi artırılmıştır. Tasarımın performansı, 0 km ile 21.100 km aralığındaki motor yağı numuneleri kullanılarak S21 iletim parametresi üzerinden analiz edilmiştir. Deneysel sonuçlar, yağın kullanım kilometresi arttıkça dielektrik sabitindeki değişime bağlı olarak rezonans frekansında kayma sergilediğini kanıtlamıştır. Hava ortamında 5.48 GHz olan rezonans frekansı; kullanılmamış motor yağında 5.20 GHz’e, 15.500 km’de 5.18 GHz’e ve 21.100 km’de 5.12 GHz seviyesine gerilemiştir. Toplamda 360 MHz’lik bir frekans kayması elde edilmiştir. Önerilen S21 tabanlı yaklaşım, literatürdeki yansıma temelli sistemlere kıyasla daha kararlı bir ölçüm altyapısı sunarak, bakım uygulamaları için düşük maliyetli ve yüksek tekrarlanabilirlikli bir çözüm sağlamaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Pehlivan, B., Yıldırım, M., Gözel, M. A. (2026). Detection of Engine Oil Service Life Using a Stub-Structured Coupled-Line-Based Microwave Sensor. EMO Bilimsel Dergi, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3, 15–23. https://ajindex.com/articles/1390240

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