Journals / Çukurova Anestezi ve Cerrahi Bilimler Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

The Role of the De Ritis Ratio in ICU Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19

COVID-19 Hastalarında De Ritis Oranının Mortalite Üzerindeki Rolü

Hüseyin Özkök(Department of Internal Medicine – Intensive Care Unit Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Türkiye)0000-0001-9948-4233
Şeyma Şenocak(Department of Internal Medicine – Intensive Care Unit Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Sakarya University, Sakarya, Türkiye)0009-0003-7756-324X
Özlem Aktürk Zengin(Department of Internal Medicine – Intensive Care Unit Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Sakarya University, Sakarya, Türkiye)0009-0008-9747-1082
Ahmed Cihad Genç(Department of Internal Medicine – Intensive Care Unit Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Sakarya University, Sakarya, Türkiye)0000-0002-7725-707X
Deniz Çekiç(Department of Internal Medicine – Intensive Care Unit Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Sakarya University, Sakarya, Türkiye)0000-0002-7114-9334
Yusuf Durmaz(Department of Internal Medicine – Intensive Care Unit Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Sakarya University, Sakarya, Türkiye)0000-0002-3455-2722
Ahmed Bilal Genç(Department of Internal Medicine – Intensive Care Unit Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Sakarya University, Sakarya, Türkiye)0000-0002-1607-6355
Selçuk Yaylacı(Department of Internal Medicine – Intensive Care Unit Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Sakarya University, Sakarya, Türkiye)0000-0002-6768-7973
Pages
427–434
Publication Date
2026-06-30
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Its derivation from routine laboratory data supports its role as a cost-neutral supplementary stratification tool.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Abstract Objective: The De Ritis ratio (aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase) has emerged as a prognostic biomarker in critical illness.
📊
Key Findings & Data:This study aimed to evaluate the independent prognostic value of the De Ritis ratio for ICU mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Its derivation from routine laboratory data supports its role as a cost-neutral supplementary stratification tool.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:2021 Verileri
⚙️Variables:COVID-19 · De Ritis oranı · Yoğun bakım mortalitesi

Abstract

Abstract Objective: The De Ritis ratio (aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase) has emerged as a prognostic biomarker in critical illness. This study aimed to evaluate the independent prognostic value of the De Ritis ratio for ICU mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study was conducted at a single tertiary center. Medical records of 642 adult patients with RT-PCR–confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the Internal Medicine ICU between January and December 2021 were reviewed. Demographic data, comorbidities, laboratory parameters, severity scores (APACHE II and SOFA), and organ support requirements were recorded at ICU admission. Patients were stratified into survivor and non-survivor subgroups. Independent predictors of ICU mortality were identified through two multivariable logistic regression models. Discriminative performance was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: ICU mortality was recorded in 341 patients (53.1%). Non-survivors were significantly older and had markedly elevated inflammatory biomarkers, D-dimer, urea, and De Ritis ratio values. Although absolute AST and ALT concentrations did not differ significantly between groups, the De Ritis ratio independently predicted ICU mortality in both models (Model A: OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.06–1.51, p = 0.009; Model B: OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.05–1.50, p = 0.013). Combining the De Ritis ratio with severity scores improved discrimination (AUC up to 0.661). Conclusion: The De Ritis ratio at ICU admission independently predicted mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients and provided prognostic information beyond established severity scores. Its derivation from routine laboratory data supports its role as a cost-neutral supplementary stratification tool.

Özet

Öz Amaç: De Ritis oranı (aspartat aminotransferaz/alanin aminotransferaz), kritik hastalıkta prognostik bir biyobelirteç adayı olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma, COVID-19 tanısı doğrulanmış kritik hastalarda yoğun bakım ünitesi (YBÜ) mortalitesi üzerinde De Ritis oranının bağımsız prognostik değerini belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Yöntem: Bu çalışma, tek merkezli retrospektif gözlemsel bir kohort çalışması olarak tasarlanmıştır. RT-PCR ile doğrulanmış COVID-19 tanısıyla Ocak–Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında İç Hastalıkları YBÜ’ye yatırılan 642 yetişkin hastanın tıbbi kayıtları retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. YBÜ kabulünde demografik özellikler, komorbid durumlar, laboratuvar parametreleri, klinik ağırlık skorları (APACHE II ve SOFA) ve organ destek gereksinimleri kaydedilmiştir. Hastalar sağ kalan ve sağ kalmayan alt gruplarına ayrılmıştır. YBÜ mortalitesinin bağımsız belirleyicileri, De Ritis oranını yerleşik ağırlık skorlarıyla birlikte içeren iki ayrı çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon modeli aracılığıyla belirlenmiştir. Ayırt edici performans, ROC eğrisi analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: YBÜ mortalitesi 341 hastada (%53,1) saptanmıştır. Sağ kalmayanlar; sağ kalanlarla karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı düzeyde daha yaşlı olup belirgin biçimde yüksek inflamatuvar biyobelirteç, D-dimer, üre ve De Ritis oranı değerleri sergilemiştir. Mutlak AST ve ALT konsantrasyonları gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık göstermemesine karşın De Ritis oranı, her iki çok değişkenli modelde YBÜ mortalitesiyle bağımsız olarak ilişkilendirilmiştir (Model A: OR 1,27, %95 GA 1,06–1,51, p = 0,009; Model B: OR 1,26, %95 GA 1,05–1,50, p = 0,013). De Ritis oranının ağırlık skorlarıyla entegrasyonu model ayırımcılığını artırmıştır (AUC 0,661’e kadar). Sonuç: YBÜ kabulünde ölçülen De Ritis oranı, kritik COVID-19 hastalarında mortaliteyi bağımsız olarak öngörmüş ve yerleşik ağırlık skorlama sistemlerinin ötesinde ek prognostik bilgi sağlamıştır. Rutin laboratuvar verilerinden elde edilebilmesi, bu oranın maliyet-nötr bir tamamlayıcı sınıflandırma aracı olarak potansiyelini desteklemektedir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Özkök, H., Şenocak, Ş., Zengin, Ö. A., Genç, A. C., Çekiç, D., Durmaz, Y., Genç, A. B., Yaylacı, S. (2026). The Role of the De Ritis Ratio in ICU Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19. Çukurova Anestezi ve Cerrahi Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 427–434. https://doi.org/10.36516/jocass.1903636

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (28)

  1. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1708-1720. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2002032.
  2. Bourgonje AR, Abdulle AE, Timens W, Hillebrands JL, Navis GJ, Gordijn SJ, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), SARS-CoV-2 and the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Pathol. 2020;251:228-248. doi:10.1002/path.5471.
  3. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395:497-506. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.
  4. Richardson S, Hirsch JS, Narasimhan M, Crawford JM, McGinn T, Davidson KW, et al. Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area. JAMA. 2020;323:2052-2059. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6775.
  5. Nardo AD, Schneeweiss-Gleixner M, Bakail M, Dixon ED, Lax SF, Trauner M. Pathophysiological mechanisms of liver injury in COVID-19. Liver Int. 2021;41:20-32. doi:10.1111/liv.14730.
  6. De Ritis F, Coltorti M, Giusti G. An enzymic test for the diagnosis of viral hepatitis: the transaminase serum activities. Clin Chim Acta. 1957;2:70-74. doi:10.1016/0009-8981(57)90027-X.
  7. Zinellu A, Arru F, De Vito A, Sassu A, Valdes G, Scano V, et al. The De Ritis ratio as prognostic biomarker of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. Eur J Clin Invest. 2021;51:e13427. doi:10.1111/eci.13427.
  8. Shaikh SM, Varma A, Kumar S, Acharya S, Patil R. Navigating disease management: a comprehensive review of the De Ritis ratio in clinical medicine. Cureus. 2024;16:e64447. doi:10.7759/cureus.64447.
  9. Mangoni AA, Zinellu A. An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between the De Ritis ratio and disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Life (Basel). 2023;13:1324. doi:10.3390/life13061324.
  10. Pranata R, Huang I, Lim MA, Yonas E, Vania R, Lukito AA, et al. Elevated De Ritis ratio is associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:676581. doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.676581.
  11. Khalid I, Alshukairi AN, Khalid TJ, Imran M, Imran M, Akhtar MA, et al. Characteristics and outcome of tertiary care critically ill COVID-19 patients with multiple comorbidities admitted to the intensive care unit. Ann Thorac Med. 2022;17:59-65. doi:10.4103/atm.atm_178_21.
  12. Peckham H, de Gruijter NM, Raine C, Radziszewska A, Ciurtin C, Wedderburn LR, et al. Male sex identified by global COVID-19 meta-analysis as a risk factor for death and ITU admission. Nat Commun. 2020;11:6317. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19741-6.
  13. Gebhard C, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Neuhauser HK, Morgan R, Klein SL. Impact of sex and gender on COVID-19 outcomes in Europe. Biol Sex Differ. 2020;11:29. doi:10.1186/s13293-020-00304-9.
  14. Jin JM, Bai P, He W, Wu F, Liu XF, Han DM, et al. Gender differences in patients with COVID-19: focus on severity and mortality. Front Public Health. 2020;8:152. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00152.
  15. Lee LYW, Cazier JB, Angelis V, Arnold R, Bisht V, Campton NA, et al. COVID-19 mortality in patients with cancer on chemotherapy or other anticancer treatments: a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395:1919-1926. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31173-9.
  16. Del Valle DM, Kim-Schulze S, Huang HH, Beckmann ND, Nirenberg S, Wang B, et al. An inflammatory cytokine signature predicts COVID-19 severity and survival. Nat Med. 2020;26:1636-1643. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-1051-9.
  17. Hu B, Guo H, Zhou P, Shi ZL. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021;19:141-154. doi:10.1038/s41579-020-00459-7.
  18. Xue G, Gan X, Wu Z, Xie D, Xiong Y, Hua L, et al. Novel serological biomarkers for inflammation in predicting disease severity in patients with COVID-19. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020;89:107065. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107065.
  19. Demirel A, Miniksar OH. The role of inflammatory indices in predicting intensive care unit mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Turk J Intensive Care. 2024;22(4):239-247. doi:10.4274/tybd.galenos.2023.82621.
  20. Paranga TG, Mitu I, Pavel-Tanasa M, Rosu MF, Miftode IL, Constantinescu D, et al. Cytokine storm in COVID-19: exploring IL-6 signaling and cytokine-microbiome interactions as emerging therapeutic approaches. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25:11411. doi:10.3390/ijms252111411.
  21. Zeng F, Huang Y, Guo Y, Yin M, Chen X, Xiao L, et al. Association of inflammatory markers with the severity of COVID-19: a meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;96:467-474. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.055.
  22. Soetedjo NNM, Iryaningrum MR, Damara FA, Permadhi I, Sutanto LB, Hartono H, et al. Prognostic properties of hypoalbuminemia in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021;45:120-126. doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.07.003.
  23. Aklilu AM, Kumar S, Nugent J, Yamamoto Y, Coronel-Moreno C, Kadhim B, et al. COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury and longitudinal kidney outcomes. JAMA Intern Med. 2024;184:414-423. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.8225.
  24. Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18:844-847. doi:10.1111/jth.14768.
  25. Abdollahi A, Nateghi S, Panahi Z, Inanloo SH, Salarvand S, Pourfaraji SM. The association between mortality due to COVID-19 and coagulative parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. BMC Infect Dis. 2024;24:1373. doi:10.1186/s12879-024-10229-y.
  26. Drácz B, Czompa D, Müllner K, Hagymási K, Miheller P, Székely H, et al. The elevated De Ritis ratio on admission is independently associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients. Viruses. 2022;14:2360. doi:10.3390/v14112360.
  27. Fu Y, Du S, Liu X, Cao L, Yang G, Chen H. A linear relationship between De Ritis ratio and mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a secondary analysis based on a large retrospective cohort study. ILIVER. 2022;1:169-175. doi:10.1016/j.iliver.2022.08.002.
  28. Beigmohammadi MT, Amoozadeh L, Rezaei Motlagh F, Rahimi M, Maghsoudloo M, Jafarnejad B, et al. Mortality predictive value of APACHE II and SOFA scores in COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit. Can Respir J. 2022;2022:5129314. doi:10.1155/2022/5129314.