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Journals / Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Volume: 72 Issue: 3

Principal component and discriminant function analysis of cranium and mandible in domestic buffalo (Bos bubalis)

Semine Dalga(KAFKAS ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-7227-2513
Kadir Aslan(KAFKAS ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-7617-0175
Pages
—
Publication Date
2025-07-01
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

It is anticipated that this research will add to the body of knowledge about a particular breed, zoo archaeology, or be used as an animal model in relevant health professions.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The purpose of this study was to use a geometric morphometric approach to ascertain the gender-related differences in the morphology of the domestic buffalo's skull and mandible.
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Key Findings & Data:The skulls yielded a total of 20 main components.
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Conclusion & Impact:It is anticipated that this research will add to the body of knowledge about a particular breed, zoo archaeology, or be used as an animal model in relevant health professions.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:buffalo · geometric morhometry · mandible

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to use a geometric morphometric approach to ascertain the gender-related differences in the morphology of the domestic buffalo's skull and mandible. The skulls yielded a total of 20 main components. The first principal component (PC1) alone was responsible for 37.066% of the variation among these principal components. The first principal component (PC1) alone was responsible for 26.242% of the total variation among the lateral principal components. PC1 showed a medial extension of the posterior portion of the ectorbital, while PC2 showed a lateral extension. In PC2 and PC3, the right facial tuber displayed a cranial and linear expansion, respectively. In PC1, the left facial tuber was directed caudally, and in PC2, it was directed cranially. The anterior border of the first premolar had a caudo-ventral extension in PC1 and a cranio-dorsal extension in PC2 and PC3, according to lateral studies. In PC1 and PC2, the anterior side of the ectorbital displayed a caudo-dorsal extension, but in PC3, it displayed a dorsal extension. The anterior margin of the first premolar displayed a caudal extension in the extension evaluation of the three principal component analyses with the highest values in the mandibles, where the data are completely integrated with one another. PC1 showed a caudo-dorsal extension, PC2 showed a cranio-dorsal extension, and PC3 showed a dorsal extension of the landmark at the level of the incisura vasorum facialum. It is anticipated that this research will add to the body of knowledge about a particular breed, zoo archaeology, or be used as an animal model in relevant health professions.

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Cite This Article

Dalga, S., Aslan, K. (2025). Principal component and discriminant function analysis of cranium and mandible in domestic buffalo (Bos bubalis). Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, Volume: 72 Issue: 3. https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.1544641

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