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Journals / Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Volume: 73 Issue: 4

Isolation and molecular characterization of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus circulating in cattle in East Java, Indonesia

Nur Saidah Said(Universitas Sulawesi Barat)0009-0001-4637-5137
Fedik Abdul Rantam(universitas airlangga)0000-0001-8182-1465
Suwarno Suwarno(universitas airlangga)0000-0002-4997-5242
Jola Rahmahani(universitas airlangga)0000-0001-9103-3200
Hani Plumeriastuti(universitas airlangga)0000-0002-4540-811X
Mohammad Anam Al-Arif(universitas airlangga)0000-0002-5220-9311
Wiwiek Tyasningsih(universitas airlangga)0009-0005-4932-7463
Suryo Kuncorojakti(universitas airlangga)0000-0001-5170-9982
Maryono Maryono(Caprifarmindo Laboratories Veterinary Vaccine Plant, Bogor)0009-0001-7156-6488
Deka Uli Fahrodi(universitas sulawesi barat)0009-0004-0086-9504
Firdausy Kurnia Maulana(universitas airlangga)0000-0002-8276-6151
Zayyin Dinana(universitas airlangga)0000-0003-1189-4153
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-10-01
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

These findings provide updated molecular epidemiological evidence that the Ind-2001e lineage continues to circulate in East Java, and they highlight the importance of sustained molecular surveillance to monitor viral evolution and to support evidence-based FMD control and vaccine strain selection.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious transboundary viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals that causes substantial economic losses worldwide.
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Key Findings & Data:The re-emergence of FMD in Indonesia in 2022 after more than three decades of disease-free status has made continuous molecular surveillance essential for monitoring circulating foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strains and supporting effective control strategies.
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Conclusion & Impact:These findings provide updated molecular epidemiological evidence that the Ind-2001e lineage continues to circulate in East Java, and they highlight the importance of sustained molecular surveillance to monitor viral evolution and to support evidence-based FMD control and vaccine strain selection.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2022 · 29 samples
⚙️Variables:Foot-and-mouth disease virus · O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e · Phylogenetic analysis

Abstract

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious transboundary viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals that causes substantial economic losses worldwide. The re-emergence of FMD in Indonesia in 2022 after more than three decades of disease-free status has made continuous molecular surveillance essential for monitoring circulating foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strains and supporting effective control strategies. This study aimed to isolate FMDV serotype O from clinically affected cattle in East Java and to molecularly characterize the circulating field strains. A total of 29 clinical samples were collected from cattle with typical FMD lesions in four affected regencies in East Java in 2025. Virus isolation was performed using BHK-21 cell cultures, and viral infectivity was determined by the 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay. Viral RNA extracted from culture-positive isolates was analyzed by serotype O-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the VP3 gene, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Infectious FMDV was successfully isolated from 18 of 29 samples (62.1%), with viral titers ranging from 5.7×105 to 3.7×107 TCID50/mL. All cytopathic effect-positive isolates were confirmed as FMDV serotype O by VP3-specific RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the representative isolates clustered within the O/ME-SA topotype, belonged to the Ind-2001e lineage, and were closely related to viruses associated with Indonesia's 2022 FMD outbreak. These findings provide updated molecular epidemiological evidence that the Ind-2001e lineage continues to circulate in East Java, and they highlight the importance of sustained molecular surveillance to monitor viral evolution and to support evidence-based FMD control and vaccine strain selection.

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Cite This Article

Said, N. S., Rantam, F. A., Suwarno, S., Rahmahani, J., Plumeriastuti, H., Al-Arif, M. A., Tyasningsih, W., Kuncorojakti, S., Maryono, M., Fahrodi, D. U., Maulana, F. K., Dinana, Z. (2026). Isolation and molecular characterization of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus circulating in cattle in East Java, Indonesia. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, Volume: 73 Issue: 4. https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.1934646

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