Journals / Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 59 Sayı: 2

RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF THE CLINICAL AND LABORATORY CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE: A SINGLE-CENTER EXPERIENCE

GLİKOJEN DEPO HASTALIĞI OLAN HASTALARIN KLİNİK VE LABORATUVAR ÖZELLİKLERİNİN RETROSPEKTİF DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: TEK MERKEZ DENEYİMİ

Sabire Gökalp(Ankara Etlik City Hospital)0000-0001-5383-5632
Hacer Basan(Ankara Etlik City Hospital)0000-0002-1224-5756
Elifcan Taşdelen(Ankara Etlik City Hospital)0000-0003-3917-9792
Firdevs Dinçsoy Bir(Ankara etlik city hospital)0009-0009-2187-1554
Halil Tuna Akar(Ankara Etlik City Hospital)0000-0003-1982-8046
Pages
52–56
Publication Date
2026-09-04
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Conclusion: Early recognition, molecular confirmation, and individualized long-term follow-up are essential for optimal management.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Aim: Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are a heterogeneous group of inherited metabolic disorders caused by defects in enzymes or transporters involved in glycogen metabolism.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Material and Methods: This single-center retrospective study included patients diagnosed with GSD and followed at the Pediatric Metabolism Clinic of Ankara Etlik City Hospital between 2022 and 2025.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Conclusion: Early recognition, molecular confirmation, and individualized long-term follow-up are essential for optimal management.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:2022 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Glikojen depo hastalığı · kalıtsal metabolik hastalıklar · hipoglisemi

Abstract

Aim: Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are a heterogeneous group of inherited metabolic disorders caused by defects in enzymes or transporters involved in glycogen metabolism. Their clinical manifestations vary widely according to the affected tissue and disease subtype, ranging from hepatic symptoms to muscle-related complaints. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with GSD followed at a tertiary center for inherited metabolic disorders. Material and Methods: This single-center retrospective study included patients diagnosed with GSD and followed at the Pediatric Metabolism Clinic of Ankara Etlik City Hospital between 2022 and 2025. Demographic features, clinical presentation, laboratory parameters, imaging findings, histopathological data, molecular genetic results, treatment approaches, and follow-up characteristics were reviewed from medical records. Results: Ten patients were included, of whom 70% were male. The median age at last evaluation was 7.8 years, and the median age at diagnosis was 4.6 years; two patients were diagnosed in adulthood. GSD type 0 was the most common subtype (40%). Four patients were referred after incidental detection of hypoglycemia or ketonuria, whereas others presented with hepatomegaly, elevated transaminases, developmental delay, easy fatigability, or exercise-induced muscle symptoms. Molecular genetic analysis was available for all patients. Discussion: Our findings highlight the broad phenotypic spectrum of GSDs, with the most commonly observed GSD Type 0, and emphasize the importance of considering these disorders in both pediatric and adult patients. Conclusion: Early recognition, molecular confirmation, and individualized long-term follow-up are essential for optimal management.

Özet

Amaç: Glikojen depo hastalıkları (GSD), glikojen metabolizmasında görev alan enzimlerde veya taşıyıcılardaki bozukluklar sonucu ortaya çıkan heterojen bir kalıtsal metabolik hastalık grubudur. Klinik bulguları, etkilenen dokuya ve hastalık alt tipine göre büyük farklılık göstermekte olup, hepatik belirtilerden kasla ilişkili yakınmalara kadar geniş bir yelpazede izlenebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, üçüncü basamak bir kalıtsal metabolik hastalıklar merkezinde izlenen GSD tanılı hastaların klinik ve laboratuvar özelliklerinin retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu tek merkezli retrospektif çalışmaya 2022–2025 yılları arasında Ankara Etlik Şehir Hastanesi Çocuk Metabolizma Kliniği’nde GSD tanısı ile izlenen hastalar dahil edildi. Tıbbi kayıtlardan demografik özellikler, klinik başvuru bulguları, laboratuvar parametreleri, görüntüleme bulguları, histopatolojik veriler, moleküler genetik sonuçlar, tedavi yaklaşımları ve izlem özellikleri incelendi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 10 hastanın %70’i erkekti. Son değerlendirmedeki ortanca yaş 7,8 yıl, tanı anındaki ortanca yaş ise 4,6 yıl idi; iki hasta erişkin dönemde tanı almıştı. En sık görülen alt tip GSD tip 0 olup olguların %40’ını oluşturuyordu. Dört hasta hipoglisemi veya ketonürinin tesadüfen saptanması sonrası yönlendirilirken, diğer hastalar hepatomegali, transaminaz yüksekliği, gelişimsel gerilik, kolay yorulma veya egzersizle ilişkili kas semptomları ile başvurmuştu. Tüm hastalarda moleküler genetik analiz mevcuttu. Tartışma: Bulgularımız, GSD’lerin geniş fenotipik spektrumunu ortaya koymakta ve bu hastalıkların hem pediatrik hem de erişkin hastalarda akılda tutulması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Kohortumuzda en sık gözlenen alt tipin GSD tip 0 olması da dikkat çekicidir. Sonuç: Erken tanı, moleküler doğrulama ve bireyselleştirilmiş uzun dönem izlem, optimal yönetim açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Aktaşoğlu, E. Ö., Gökalp, S., Basan, H., Taşdelen, E., Bir, F. D., Akar, H. T. (2026). RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF THE CLINICAL AND LABORATORY CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE: A SINGLE-CENTER EXPERIENCE. Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi, Cilt: 59 Sayı: 2, 52–56. https://doi.org/10.20492/aeahtd.1930153

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (19)

  1. Ozen H. Glycogen storage diseases: New perspectives. World J. Gastroenterol. 2007; 13(18):2541-53. doi: 10.3748/wjg. v13.i18.2541.
  2. Gümüş E, Özen H. Glycogen storage diseases: An update. World J. Gastroenterol. 2023; 29(25):3932-3963. doi: 10.3748/wjg. v29.i25.3932.
  3. Saltik IN, Ozen H, Ciliv G, et al. Glycogen storage disease type Ia: Frequency and clinical course in Turkish children. Indian J Pediatr. 2000; 67(7):497-501. doi: 10.1007/BF02760476.
  4. Ellingwood SS, Cheng A. Biochemical and clinical aspects of glycogen storage diseases. J Endocrinol. 2018; 238(3):R131-R141. doi: 10.1530/JOE-18-0120.
  5. Roach PJ, Depaoli-Roach AA, Hurley TD, Tagliabracci VS. Glycogen and its metabolism: some new developments and old themes. Biochem J. 2012; 441(3):763-87. doi: 10.1042/BJ20111416.
  6. Kanungo S, Wells K, Tribett T, El-Gharbawy A. Glycogen metabolism and glycogen storage disorders. Ann Transl Med. 2018; 6(24):474. doi: 10.21037/atm.2018.10.59.
  7. Burda P, Hochuli M. Hepatic glycogen storage disorders. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2015; 18(4):415-21. doi: 10.1097/ MCO.0000000000000181.
  8. Hannah WB, Derks TGJ, Drumm ML, Grünert SC, Kishnani PS, Vissing J. Glycogen storage diseases. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2023; 9(1):46. doi: 10.1038/s41572-023-00456-z.
  9. Richards S, Aziz N, Bale S, et al. Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Genet Med. 2015; 17(5):405-24. doi: 10.1038/gim.2015.30.
  10. Bali DS, El-Gharbawy A, Austin S, Pendyal S, Kishnani PS. Glycogen storage disease type I. In: Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Amemiya A, eds. GeneReviews® [Internet]. University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2021. Updated October 14, 2021. Accessed April 14, 2026. PMID: 20301489.
  11. Kishnani PS, Austin SL, Abdenur JE, et al. Diagnosis and management of glycogen storage disease type I: a practice guideline of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. Genet Med. 2014; 16(11):e1. doi: 10.1038/gim.2014.128.
  12. Kishnani PS, Goldstein J, Austin SL, et al. Diagnosis and management of glycogen storage diseases type VI and IX: a clinical practice resource of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Genet Med. 2019; 21(4):772-789. doi: 10.1038/ s41436-018-0364-2.
  13. Hicks J, Wartchow E, Mierau G. Glycogen Storage Diseases: A Brief Review and Update on Clinical Features, Genetic Abnormalities, Pathologic Features, and Treatment. Ultrastruct Pathol. 2011; 35(5):183-96. doi: 10.3109/01913123.2011.601404.
  14. de Marchi R, Nalin T, Sperb-Ludwig F, Pinheiro F, Schwartz I, Steiner C. Glycogen Storage Disease: Expert Opinion on Clinical Diagnosis Revisited after Molecular Testing. Genes (Basel). 2023; 14(12):2219. doi: 10.3390/genes14122219.
  15. Lee P, Mather S, Owens C, Leonard J, Dicks-Mireaux C. Hepatic ultrasound findings in the glycogen storage diseases. Br J Radiol. 1994; 67(803):1062-6. doi: 10.1259/0007-1285-67-803- 1062. 56
  16. Schreuder AB, Rossi A, Grünert SC, Derks TGJ. Glycogen storage disease type III. In: Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Amemiya A, eds. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle, WA: University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2022. Updated January 6, 2022. Accessed April 14, 2026.
  17. Kishnani PS. Glycogen storage diseases. In: Valle D, Beaudet AL, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Antonarakis SE, Ballabio A, eds. Scriver’s Online Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease. McGraw-Hill; 2009:71.
  18. Wang J, Cui H, Lee NC, et al. Clinical application of massively parallel sequencing in the molecular diagnosis of glycogen storage diseases of genetically heterogeneous origin. Genet Med. 2013; 15(2):106-14. doi: 10.1038/gim.2012.104.
  19. Nascimento J, Pinho R, Pimenta de Castro A, Bernardino Vieira N. McArdle’s Disease: A Differential Diagnosis of Metabolic Myopathies. Cureus. 2024; 16(9):e70000. doi: 10.7759/cureus. 70000.