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Journals / Akademik Gıda / 2026 / Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1

Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Pomegranate Peels by Ultrasound Assisted Extraction and Determination of Antioxidant Activities

Nar Kabuğundan Ultrason Destekli Ekstraksiyon Uygulamasıyla Fenolik Bileşen Ekstraksiyonu ve Ekstraktların Antioksidan Aktiviteleri

Buse Özdere(Ege Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü)0009-0007-9929-9522
Özge Ata(Ege Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü)0000-0001-9329-5474
Şeyda Mihriban Kul(Ege Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü)0009-0007-2146-126X
Bilge Baştürk Berk(Ege Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü)0000-0002-7405-5288
Şebnem Tavman(Ege Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü)0000-0002-3069-1709
Seher Kumcuoğlu(Ege Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü)0000-0002-3663-2881
Pages
47–59
Publication Date
2025-05-11
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The results showed that the outer peel exhibited the highest total phenolic content, reaching 58.73 ± 0.79 mg GAE/g DM under 100% power and 10 minutes of extraction.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:The aim of this study was to extract bioactive compounds from pomegranate peels (Punica granatum L.) using the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UDE) method within a zero-waste approach and to investigate the effects of different extraction conditions on total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity.
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Key Findings & Data:Fresh pomegranate peels were separated into inner and outer layers, and extractions were performed using 80% methanol as a solvent under different ultrasound power levels (50% and 100%) and durations (5, 10, and 20 minutes).
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Conclusion & Impact:The results showed that the outer peel exhibited the highest total phenolic content, reaching 58.73 ± 0.79 mg GAE/g DM under 100% power and 10 minutes of extraction.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Nar kabuğu · Antioksidan kapasite · Fenolik bileşenler

Abstract

The aim of this study was to extract bioactive compounds from pomegranate peels (Punica granatum L.) using the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UDE) method within a zero-waste approach and to investigate the effects of different extraction conditions on total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Fresh pomegranate peels were separated into inner and outer layers, and extractions were performed using 80% methanol as a solvent under different ultrasound power levels (50% and 100%) and durations (5, 10, and 20 minutes). The results showed that the outer peel exhibited the highest total phenolic content, reaching 58.73 ± 0.79 mg GAE/g DM under 100% power and 10 minutes of extraction. The maximum antioxidant capacity was observed in outer peel extracts at 3177.75 ± 6.06 ppm TEAC/g DM with 100% power and 20 minutes. In the inner peel, the highest total phenolic content was found as 7.31 ± 0.03 mg GAE/g DM. FTIR and SEM analyses demonstrated that the structural integrity of the pomegranate peel was preserved while facilitating the release of active compounds. These findings suggest that pomegranate peels possess significant potential for valorization through environmentally friendly processes, offering opportunities for the development of value-added products in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Özet

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sıfır atık yaklaşımıyla nar kabuklarından (Punica granatum L.) biyoaktif bileşenlerin ultrason destekli ekstraksiyon (UDE) yöntemi kullanılarak elde edilmesi ve farklı ekstraksiyon koşullarının fenolik madde içeriği ile antioksidan kapasite üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesidir. Taze nar kabuklarının iç ve dış kısımları ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmiş, %80’lik metanol çözgeni ile farklı ultrasonik güç (%50 ve %100) ve süre (5, 10 ve 20 dakika) kombinasyonlarında ekstraksiyon gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, dış kabuğun toplam fenolik madde içeriği %100 güç ve 10 dakika ekstraksiyon süresinde maksimum 58.73 ± 0.79 mg GAE/g KM değerine ulaşmıştır. En yüksek antioksidan kapasite ise dış kabuk örneklerinde %100 güç ve 20 dakikada 3177.75 ± 6.06 ppm TEAC/g KM olarak ölçülmüştür. İç zar örneklerinde ise en yüksek fenolik madde miktarı 7.31 ± 0.03 mg GAE/g KM değerinde bulunmuştur. FTIR ve SEM analizleri, nar kabuğunun yapısal bütünlüğünü koruyarak aktif bileşenlerin salımını kolaylaştırdığını göstermiştir. Bu bulgular, nar kabuklarının çevre dostu yaklaşımlarla değerlendirilerek gıda ve ilaç sanayilerinde katma değerli ürünler elde edilmesi için önemli bir potansiyele sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Özdere, B., Ata, Ö., Kul, Ş. M., Berk, B. B., Tavman, Ş., Kumcuoğlu, S. (2025). Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Pomegranate Peels by Ultrasound Assisted Extraction and Determination of Antioxidant Activities. Akademik Gıda, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 47–59. https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1697264

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