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Journals / Akademik Gıda / 2026 / Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2

Some Quality and Compositional Characteristics of Flower and Pine Honeys from Different Geographical Regions

Farklı Coğrafi Bölgelere Ait Çiçek ve Çam Ballarının Bazı Kalite ve Bileşim Özellikleri

Özge Gökçe(Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Scientific and Technological Application and Research Centre)0000-0003-2392-3222
Kübra Ertan(Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Food Engineering)0000-0002-5124-6321
Pages
120–131
Publication Date
2025-07-20
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Results indicated that the physicochemical and bioactive characteristics of flower and pine honey samples varied according to their specific botanical and geographical origins.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:The physicochemical properties and composition of honey may vary depending on its botanical and geographical origin, bee species, ratio of nectar, vegetation type, flowering period, foraging insect species, beekeepers' production techniques and timing of honey collection, and packaging and storage conditions of honey.
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Key Findings & Data:In this study, some physicochemical properties of flower (F1, F2, F3 and F4) and pine (P1, P2, P3 and P4) honeys from different geographical origin (Antalya in Türkiye, Hessen in Germany and Lisbon in Portugal) were determined.
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Conclusion & Impact:Results indicated that the physicochemical and bioactive characteristics of flower and pine honey samples varied according to their specific botanical and geographical origins.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:4 sample
⚙️Variables:Çiçek balı · Çam balı · Elektriksel İletkenlik

Abstract

The physicochemical properties and composition of honey may vary depending on its botanical and geographical origin, bee species, ratio of nectar, vegetation type, flowering period, foraging insect species, beekeepers' production techniques and timing of honey collection, and packaging and storage conditions of honey. In this study, some physicochemical properties of flower (F1, F2, F3 and F4) and pine (P1, P2, P3 and P4) honeys from different geographical origin (Antalya in Türkiye, Hessen in Germany and Lisbon in Portugal) were determined. The average °Brix, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) values were 82.73, 4.28, and 0.44 mS/cm, respectively, with the ranges of 81.60-84.43 for °Brix, 3.79-4.85 for pH, and 0.15-0.68 mS/cm for EC. The color characteristics of honey were influenced by its botanical source and composition with the averages for CIE L*, a*, and b* were 24.29, 5.74, and 4.26, respectively. The flower and pine honey samples showed distinct UV-vis spectral profiles, especially in the 200-350 nm range, with differences attributed to their chemical composition, including sugar and phenolic contents. On the other hand, FTIR spectroscopy revealed similar spectral patterns for pine and flower honeys indicating shared functional groups and chemical structures in both honey types. Pine honey samples had significantly higher antioxidant activity values due to their phenolic contents (p<0.05). The highest antioxidant activity was found in the P4 sample, with 2.45 mmol TEAC/kg and 39.65% DPPH• radical inhibition ratio. Results indicated that the physicochemical and bioactive characteristics of flower and pine honey samples varied according to their specific botanical and geographical origins.

Özet

Balın fizikokimyasal özellikleri ve bileşimi, botanik ve coğrafi kökenine, arı türüne, nektar oranına, bitki örtüsü tipine, çiçeklenme dönemine, polen toplayan böcek türlerine, arıcıların üretim tekniklerine ve balın toplama zamanına, balın paketlenme ve saklanma koşullarına bağlı olarak değişebilir. Bu çalışmada, farklı coğrafi kökenlerden (Türkiye’de Antalya, Almanya’da Hessen ve Portekiz’de Lizbon) elde edilen çiçek (F1, F2, F3 ve F4) ve çam (P1, P2, P3 ve P4) ballarının bazı fizikokimyasal özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Ortalama °Brix, pH ve elektriksel iletkenlik (EC) değerleri sırasıyla 82.73, 4.28 ve 0.44 mS/cm olarak tespit edilmiş ve °Brix için 81.60-84.43, pH için 3.79-4.85 ve EC için 0.15-0.68 mS/cm aralıklarında değişim göstermiştir. Balın renk özellikleri, botanik kaynağına ve bileşimine bağlı olarak etkilenmiştir ve CIE L*, a* ve b* değerlerinin ortalamaları sırasıyla 24.29, 5.74 ve 4.26 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çiçek ve çam balı örnekleri, özellikle 200-350 nm aralığında, kimyasal bileşimleri (şeker ve fenolik içeriği dahil) nedeniyle farklılıklar gösteren belirgin UV-vis spektral profiller sergilemiştir. Öte yandan, FTIR spektroskopisi, çam ve çiçek balları için benzer spektral desenler ortaya koyarak her iki bal türünde ortak fonksiyonel gruplar ve kimyasal yapılar bulunduğunu göstermiştir. Çam balı örneklerinde, fenolik içeriklerine bağlı olarak, önemli ölçüde daha yüksek antioksidan aktivite değerleri gözlemlenmiştir (p<0.05). En yüksek antioksidan aktivite P4 örneğinde bulunmuş olup, bu değer 2.45 mmol TEAC/kg ve %39.65 DPPH• radikal inhibisyon oranı olarak görülmüştür. Sonuçlar, çiçek ve çam balı örneklerinin fizikokimyasal ve biyoaktif özelliklerinin spesifik botanik ve coğrafi kökenlerine bağlı olarak değişiklik gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur.

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Cite This Article

Gökçe, Ö., Ertan, K. (2025). Some Quality and Compositional Characteristics of Flower and Pine Honeys from Different Geographical Regions. Akademik Gıda, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 120–131. https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1746641

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