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Journals / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2

Design and Validation of a Low-Cost Wireless Pedal Force Measurement System for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Applications

Biyomekanik ve Rehabilitasyon Uygulamaları için Düşük Maliyetli Kablosuz Pedal Kuvveti Ölçüm Sisteminin Tasarımı ve Validasyonu

Abdulrahman Yildirim(Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi)0009-0002-0169-326X
Ugur Fidan(AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-0356-017X
Pages
519–529
Publication Date
2026-03-27
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Overall, the validated system offers a reliable, non-invasive, and cost-effective platform applicable to sports science, performance monitoring, and physical rehabilitation contexts.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Lower extremity force distribution and pedalling symmetry play a critical role in both optimizing athletic performance and preventing injuries during rehabilitation.
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Key Findings & Data:The system includes two 50 kg-capacity load cells per pedal, an ESP32 microcontroller for data acquisition and Bluetooth transmission, and a custom C# software for real-time visualization and data logging.
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Conclusion & Impact:Overall, the validated system offers a reliable, non-invasive, and cost-effective platform applicable to sports science, performance monitoring, and physical rehabilitation contexts.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Biyomekanik · Alt ekstremite rehabilitasyonu · Pedal kuvveti simetrisi

Abstract

Lower extremity force distribution and pedalling symmetry play a critical role in both optimizing athletic performance and preventing injuries during rehabilitation. Existing pedal force measurement systems are often expensive and limited to controlled laboratory environments. This study presents the design, development, and validation of a low-cost, portable, and wireless pedal force measurement system. The system includes two 50 kg-capacity load cells per pedal, an ESP32 microcontroller for data acquisition and Bluetooth transmission, and a custom C# software for real-time visualization and data logging. In static load tests conducted with calibrated reference weights (21.1 kg, 42.3 kg, and 63.7 kg), the system demonstrated high linearity with the reference loads (r = 0.9999). Additionally, an average difference of only 0.72% between the left and right pedals at 42.3 kg confirmed high symmetry and repeatability. One-way ANOVA results p-values (left: 0.640; right: 0.878) exceeded 0.05, indicating that the position of the applied load did not significantly affect measurement accuracy, reflecting consistent sensitivity and structural integrity. Overall, the validated system offers a reliable, non-invasive, and cost-effective platform applicable to sports science, performance monitoring, and physical rehabilitation contexts.

Özet

Alt ekstremite kuvvet dağılımı ve pedal çevirme simetrisi hem atletik performansın optimize edilmesinde hem de rehabilitasyon sürecinde yaralanmaların önlenmesinde kritik rol oynamaktadır. Mevcut pedal kuvveti ölçüm sistemleri genellikle yüksek maliyetli olup laboratuvar ortamlarıyla sınırlıdır. Bu çalışma, düşük maliyetli, taşınabilir ve kablosuz bir pedal kuvveti ölçüm sisteminin tasarımını, üretimini ve doğrulamasını sunmaktadır. Sistem, her pedal üzerinde iki adet 50 kg kapasiteli yük hücresi, veri toplama ve Bluetooth iletimi için ESP32 mikrodenetleyici ve gerçek zamanlı görselleştirme ve kayıt için C# tabanlı özel bir yazılım içermektedir. Statik yük testlerinde sistem, kalibre edilmiş referans ağırlıklarla (21,1 kg, 42,3 kg ve 63,7 kg) test edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, referans yüklerle ölçümler arasında yüksek doğrusal korelasyon değerleri (r = 0,9999) göstermiştir. Ayrıca, 42.3 kg’da pedallar arası ortalama farkın sadece %0,72 altında olması yüksek simetriyi ve tekrarlanabilirliği ortaya koymuştur. Tek yönlü ANOVA analizinde p-değerleri (sol: 0,640; sağ: 0,878) > 0.05 bulunmuş, bu da konumsal yük farklarının ölçüm doğruluğunu anlamlı biçimde etkilemediğini göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak sistem, güvenilir, non-invaziv ve ekonomik bir çözüm olarak spor bilimleri, performans takibi ve klinik rehabilitasyon alanlarında uygulanabilir çok yönlü bir platform sunmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Yildirim, A., Fidan, U. (2026). Design and Validation of a Low-Cost Wireless Pedal Force Measurement System for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Applications. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 519–529. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1818691

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