Journals / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3

Behavioral Toxicity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle by Green Synthesis from Sideritis Akmanii on Drosophila Melanogaster

Yeşil Sentez ile Sideritis Akmanii'den Elde Edilen Çinko Oksit Nanopartikülünün Drosophila Melanogaster'de Davranış Toksisitesi

Pages
541–548
Publication Date
2026-06-03
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

As a result, in the light of all these data obtained, it was determined that ZnO nanoparticles caused behavioral changes in Drosophila melanogaster.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Nanotechnology is related to nanoparticles with sizes between 1-100 nm.
📊
Key Findings & Data:In all studies, nanoparticle concentrations of 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/ml were applied and the obtained data were evaluated statistically.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:As a result, in the light of all these data obtained, it was determined that ZnO nanoparticles caused behavioral changes in Drosophila melanogaster.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Davranış toksisitesi · Drosophila melanogaster · ZnO nanopartikülü

Abstract

Nanotechnology is related to nanoparticles with sizes between 1-100 nm. With the increasing technology, the usage areas of nanoparticles are rapidly spreading and today they are encountered in different areas from medicine to food industry, from textile to drug development studies. Although there are different synthesis techniques of nanoparticles, it is more preferred to obtain them through green synthesis as it is a reliable and environmentally friendly method. Within the scope of the project, the behavioral toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles, which were previously obtained and characterized by green synthesis with Sideritis akmanii plant, an endemic species and known as mountain tea among the public, was investigated on a model organism, Drosophila melanogaster. In the evaluation of behavioral toxicity; parameters such as larval weight, larval crawling, pupa formation success, pupa position test and life span were used. In all studies, nanoparticle concentrations of 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/ml were applied and the obtained data were evaluated statistically. According to the experimental results, a decrease in larval weight was detected due to the increase in concentration and this decrease was significant for the concentrations of 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/ml when compared to the control group statistically. The changes in larval crawling, exit success and lifespan were found to be statistically significant in the 5 mg/ml application for all three experiments when compared to the control group. As a result, in the light of all these data obtained, it was determined that ZnO nanoparticles caused behavioral changes in Drosophila melanogaster.

Özet

Nanoteknoloji boyutları 1-100 nm arasında olan nanopartiküller ile ilgilidir. Artan teknoloji ile birlikte nanopartiküllerin kullanım alanları hızla yayılmakta ve günümüzde tıptan gıda sanayisine, tekstilden ilaç geliştirme çalışmalarına kadar farklı alanlarda karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Nanopartiküllerin farklı sentezlenme teknikleri olmakla birlikte güvenilir ve çevre dostu bir yöntem olmasıyla yeşil sentez yoluyla elde edilmesi daha çok tercih edilmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında daha önce endemik bir tür olan ve halk arasında dağ çayı olarak bilinen Sideritis akmanii bitkisiyle yeşil sentezle elde edilmiş ve karakterizasyonu yapılmış olan ZnO nanopartiküllerinin bir model organizma olan Drosophila melanogaster üzerinde davranış toksisitesi araştırılmıştır. Davranış toksisitesinin değerlendirilmesinde; larval ağırlık, larval sürünme, pupa oluşturma başarısı, pupa pozisyon deneyi ve ömür uzunluğu gibi parametreler kullanılmıştır. Tüm çalışmalarda nanopartikülün 0.625, 1.25, 2,5 ve 5 mg/ml konsantrasyonları uygulanmış ve elde edilen veriler istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Deney sonuçlarına göre larval ağırlıkta konsantrasyon artışına bağlı olarak bir azalma tespit edilmiş ve bu azalma kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında 1.25, 2.5 ve 5 mg/ml konsantrasyonları için istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Larval sürünme, pupadan çıkış başarısı ve ömür uzunluğunda meydana gelen değişimler kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında her üç deney için de 5 mg/ml’lik uygulamada istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak elde edilen tüm bu veriler ışığında ZnO nanopartiküllerinin Drosophila melanogaster üzerinde davranışsal değişikliklere sebep olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Özkara, P., Öztoprak, Ş. K., Yıldırım, G., Özkara, A., Akyıl, D., Ciğerci, İ. H. (2026). Behavioral Toxicity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle by Green Synthesis from Sideritis Akmanii on Drosophila Melanogaster. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3, 541–548. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1838318

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (35)

  1. Agarwal, H., Kumar, S.V., Rajeshkumar, S. 2017. A review on green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles- An eco-friendly approach. The Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 3, 406–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reffit.2017.03.00
  2. Aksoy, L., Güzey, İ., Düz, M. 2022. Essential oil content, antioxidative characteristics and enzyme inhibitory activity of Sideritis akmanii. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,19, 76–83.
  3. Asmonaite, G., Boyer, S., de Souza, K.B., Wassmur, B., Sturve, J. 2016. Behavioral toxicity assessment of silver ions and nanoparticles on zebrafish using a locomotion profiling approach. Aquatic Toxicology, 173, 143-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.01.013
  4. Baran, M.F., Acay, H., Keskin, C. 2020. Determination of antimicrobial and toxic metal removal activities of plant‐based synthesized (Capsicum annuum L. Leaves), ecofriendly, gold nanomaterials. Global Challenge, 4, 1900104 https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.201900104
  5. Berber, A.A., Aksoy, H. 2021. Dağ Çayı’nın (Sideritis trojana) Periferik İnsan Lenfositlerinde in vitro Antigenotoksik Etkisi. Environmental Toxicology and Ecology, 1, 8–13.
  6. Brumfiel, G. 2006. Consumer products leap aboard the nano band-wagon. Nature, 16, 440-262. https://doi.org/10.1038/440262b
  7. Chen, J., Fan, R., Wang, Y., Huang, T., Shang, N., He, H., Zhang, Q. 2020. Progressive impairment of learning and memory in adult zebrafish treated by Al2O3 nanoparticles when in embryos. Chemosphere, 254, 126608 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126608
  8. Chen, T.H., Lin, C.C., Meng, P.J. 2014. Zinc oxide nanoparticles alter hatching and larval activity in zebrafih (Danio rerio). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 277, 134-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.12.030
  9. De Matteis, V. 2017. Exposure to inorganic nanoparticles: routes of entry, immune response, biodistribution and in vitro/in vivo toxicity evaluation. Toxics, 5, 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics5040029
  10. Demir, E., Akça, H., Kaya, B., Burgucu, D., Tokgün, O., Turna, F., Aksakal, S., Vales, G., Creus, A., Marcos, R. 2014. Zinc oxide nanoparticles: Genotoxicity, interactions with UV-light and cell-trasnforming potential. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 264, 420- 429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.11.04
  11. Dutta, G., Sugumaran, A. 2021. Bioengineered zinc oxide nanoparticles: Chemical, green, biological fabrication methods and its potential biomedical applications. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 66, 102853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102853
  12. Ertuğrul, H., Yalçın, B., Güneş, M., Kaya, B. 2020. Ameliorative effects of melatonin against nano and ionic cobalt induced genotoxicity in two in vivo Drosophila assays. Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 43, 279-286. https://doi.org/10.1080/01480545.2019.1585444
  13. Fauzi, A., Zubaidah, S., Susanto, H. 2020. The study of larva and adult behavior of Drosophila melanogaster: Do strains affect behavior? AIP Conference Proceedings, 1, 2231. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0002429
  14. Griffitt, R.J., Weil, R., Hyndman, K.A., Denslow, N.D., Powers, K., Taylor, D., Barber, D.S. 2007. Exposure to copper nanoparticles causes gill injury and acute lethality in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Environmental Science and Technology, 41(23), 8178-86. https://doi.org/10.1021/es071235e
  15. Gümüşçü, A., Tugay, O., Kan, Y. 2011. Comparison of essential oil compositions of some natural and cultivated endemic Sideritis species. Advances in Environmental Biology, 222–227.
  16. Güneş, M., Yalcin, B., Ertugrul, H., Kaya, B. 2018. Ascorbic acid ameliorates genotoxic effects of cobalt nanoparticles and cobalt chloride in in vivo Drosophila assays. Fresennius Environmental Bulletin, 27, 2380-2391.
  17. Horie, M., Shimizu, K., Tabei, Y. 2018. Validation of metallothionein, interleukin-8, and heme oxygenase-1 as markers for evaluation of cytotoxicity caused by metal oxide nanoparticles. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 28, 630-638. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376516.2018.1486931
  18. Ivask, A., Titma, T., Visnapuu, M., Vija, H., Kakinen, A., Sihtmae, M., Kahru, A. et al. 2015. Toxicity of 11 metal oxide nanoparticles to three mammalian cell types in vitro. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 15(18), 1914-1929
  19. Jamkhande, P.G., Ghule, N.W., Bamer, A.H., Kalaskar, M.G. 2019. Metal nanoparticles synthesis: An overview on methods of preparation, advantages and disadvantages, and applications. Journal of Drug Delivery, Science and Technology, 53, 101174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101174
  20. Karnani, R.L., Chowdhary, A. 2013. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticle by eco-friendly method. Indian Journal of Nano Science, 1, 25–31
  21. Kence, A., Kence, M., Tozkar, C.Ö., Döke, M.A. 2010. Genetics I (Bio 352 / Gene 367) Laboratory Manual, University Ankara, TURKEY.
  22. Khan, M.A.R., Al Mamun, M.S. Ara, M.H. 2021. Review on platinum nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, and applications. Microchemical Journal, 171, 106840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2021.106840
  23. Knight, K. 2017. Fruit flies strengthen leg muscles when they gain weight. Journal of Experimental Biology, 220(19), 3399-3401. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.170415
  24. Kurşun, A.Y., Yalçın, B., Güneş, M., Tagorti, G., Kaya, B. 2021. MgO Nanopartiküllerinin Drosophila melanogaster Üzerindeki Davranışsal Toksisitesinin Değerlendirilmesi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(6), 1283-1294. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.931922
  25. Linford, N.J., Bilgir, C., Ro, J., Pletcher, S.D. 2013. Measurement of Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. Journal of Visualized Experiment, 71, 50068. https://doi.org/10.3791/50068
  26. McClements, D.J., Xiao, H. 2017. Is nano safe in foods? Establishing the factors impacting the gastrointestinal fate and toxicity of organic and inorganic food-grade nanoparticles. Science of Food, 1:(6), 1-13.
  27. Min, K.W., Jang, T., Lee, K.P. 2021. Thermal and nutritional environments during development exert different effects on adult reproductive success in Drosophila melanogaster. Ecology and Evoluation, 11(1), 443-457. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7064
  28. Mittag, A., Schneider, T., Westermann, M., Glei, M. 2019. Toxicological assessment of magnesium oxide nanoparticles in HT29 intestinal cells. Archives of Toxicology, 93, 1491-1500.
  29. Philbert, M.A. 2010. Comprehensive Toxicology (Second Edition). McQueen CA, Elsevier Science, 337-350.
  30. Pompa, P.P., Vecchio, G., Galeone, A., Brunetti, V., Sabella, S., Maiorano, G., Falqui, A., Bertoni, G., Cingolani, R. 2011. In vivo toxicity assessment of gold nanoparticles in Drosophila melanogaster. Nano Research, 4(4), 405-413.
  31. Potter, C.J., Turenchalk, G.S., Xu, T. 2000. Drosophila in cancer research: an expanding role. Trend Genetics, 16, 33-39.
  32. Sahoo, S., Maiti, M., Ganguly, A., Jacob George, J., Bhowmick, A.K. 2007. Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles as cure activator on the properties of natural rubber and nitrile rubber. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 105, 2407–2415. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.26296
  33. Sanna, V., Sechi, M. 2012. Nanoparticle therapeutics for prostate cancer treatment. Maturitas,73, 27–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.01.016
  34. Schilder, R.J., Raynor, M. 2017. Molecular plasticity and functional anhancements of leg muscles in response to hypergravity in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Journal of Experimental Biology, 220, 3508-3518. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.160523
  35. Shanmuganathan, R., Karuppusamy, I., Saravanan, M., Muthukumar, H., Ponnuchamy, K., Ramkumar, V.S. 2019. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their biomedical applications-a comprehensive review. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 25(24), 2650–2660. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190708185506