Journals / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 26 Sayı: 4

Monte Carlo-based Robustness Study of Quantitative FTIR Metrics for Various Pharmaceutical Active Ingredients

Farklı Farmasötik Etken Maddelere Yönelik Kantitatif FTIR Metriklerinin Monte Carlo Tabanlı Sağlamlık Analizi

Zehra Üstün(SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-7061-6279
Nuray Kutu(SULEYMAN DEMIREL UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-8095-0051
Pages
878–886
Publication Date
2026-08-03
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results showed that the first two components explained more than 92% of the total variance, and that discrimination was particularly observed in the 1210–1220 cm-1 and 1670–1680 cm-1 bands.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is widely used instrumental technique in pharmaceutical analysis.
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Key Findings & Data:Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results showed that the first two components explained more than 92% of the total variance, and that discrimination was particularly observed in the 1210–1220 cm-1 and 1670–1680 cm-1 bands.
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Conclusion & Impact:With this method, robustness evaluation of different drugs can be simulated using analytical data, and its applicability to other pharmaceuticals has been demonstrated.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:FTIR Spektroskopisi · Farmasötik Etken Maddeler (API'ler) · Monte Carlo Sağlamlık Simülasyonu

Abstract

Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is widely used instrumental technique in pharmaceutical analysis. In this study, three pharmaceuitcal active ingredients representing different clinical and therapeutic classes (diflunisal, diltiazem and hydroxyzine) were investigated using regional spectral descriptors, multivariate analysis and Monte Carlo robustness modeling. Absorbance values of the drugs were calculated over predefined three diffrenet spectral regions and descriptors were derived to structural discrimination. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results showed that the first two components explained more than 92% of the total variance, and that discrimination was particularly observed in the 1210–1220 cm-1 and 1670–1680 cm-1 bands. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using FTIR data as input, and the obtained results revealed that the metrics were highly stable. Coefficient of Variation (CV) values for total AUC remained below 0.03%, centroid variability was below 0.01% and spectral correlation coefficients were found 0.9999. Descriptor components showed variability at analytically acceptable levels (CV < 0.12%). The obtained findings demonstrate that quantitative FTIR band integration combined with simulation-based robustness evaluation provides a rapid and accessible analytical screening approach for pharmaceutical quality assurance. With this method, robustness evaluation of different drugs can be simulated using analytical data, and its applicability to other pharmaceuticals has been demonstrated.

Özet

Fourier-transform kızılötesi (FTIR) spektroskopisi, farmasötik analizlerde yaygın olarak kullanılan bir enstrümantal tekniktir. Bu çalışmada, farklı klinik ve terapötik sınıfları temsil eden üç farmasötik etken madde (diflunisal, diltiazem ve hidroksizin); bölgesel spektral tanımlayıcılar, çok değişkenli analiz ve Monte Carlo sağlamlık modellemesi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. İlaçların absorbans değerleri, önceden tanımlanmış üç farklı spektral bölge üzerinden hesaplanmış ve yapısal ayrımı güçlendirmek amacıyla tanımlayıcılar türetilmiştir. Temel Bileşenler Analizi (PCA) sonuçları, ilk iki bileşenin toplam varyansın %92'den fazlasını açıkladığını ve ayrımın özellikle 1210–1220 cm-1 (parmak izi bölgesi) ile 1670–1680 cm-1 (karbonil bölgesi) bantlarında belirginleştiğini göstermiştir.FTIR verileri girdi olarak kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen Monte Carlo simülasyonları (N=1000), elde edilen metriklerin oldukça kararlı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Toplam AUC için Varyasyon Katsayısı (CV) değerleri %0,03'ün altında kalmış, merkez (centroid) değişkenliği %0,01'den düşük bulunmuş ve spektral korelasyon katsayıları 0,9999 seviyesinde saptanmıştır. Tanımlayıcı bileşenleri, analitik olarak kabul edilebilir düzeylerde (CV < 0.12%) değişkenlik sergilemiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, simülasyon tabanlı sağlamlık değerlendirmesi ile birleştirilmiş kantitatif FTIR bant entegrasyonunun, farmasötik kalite güvencesi için hızlı ve erişilebilir bir analitik tarama yaklaşımı sunduğunu kanıtlamaktadır. Bu yöntemle, analitik veriler aracılığıyla farklı ilaçların sağlamlık değerlendirmesi simüle edilebilmekte ve yöntemin diğer farmasötiklere uygulanabilirliği gösterilmektedir

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Cite This Article

Üstün, Z., Kutu, N. (2026). Monte Carlo-based Robustness Study of Quantitative FTIR Metrics for Various Pharmaceutical Active Ingredients. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 4, 878–886. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1894454

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