Journals / Adli Tıp Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 40 Sayı: 1

Comparative Evaluation of CEDIA and LC-MS/MS Methods for the Detection of Amphetamine and Its Derivatives in Blood and Urine Samples

Kan ve İdrar Örneklerinde Amfetamin ve Türevlerinin Saptanmasında CEDIA ve LC-MS/MS Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması

Elif Kesmen(Adli Tıp Grup Başkanlığı)0000-0003-2221-5902
Esra Köse(Erzurum Adli Tığ Grup Başkanlığı)0009-0005-5435-6226
Ahmet Nezih Kök(ATATURK UNIVERSITY, ERZURUM HEALTH ACADEMY)0000-0001-5022-9119
Pages
38–44
Publication Date
2026-04-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

These findings suggest that LC-MS/MS should be preferred as the primary analytical method, particularly for the analysis of blood samples.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the performance of the widely used CEDIA immunoassay method and the LC-MS/MS method in the detection of amphetamine and its derivatives in blood and urine samples within the field of forensic toxicology.
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Key Findings & Data:Methods: A total of 196 blood and urine samples obtained from real forensic cases submitted to the Erzurum Council of Forensic Medicine were included in the study.
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Conclusion & Impact:These findings suggest that LC-MS/MS should be preferred as the primary analytical method, particularly for the analysis of blood samples.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Adli toksikoloji · Cedia · LC-MS/MS

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the performance of the widely used CEDIA immunoassay method and the LC-MS/MS method in the detection of amphetamine and its derivatives in blood and urine samples within the field of forensic toxicology. Methods: A total of 196 blood and urine samples obtained from real forensic cases submitted to the Erzurum Council of Forensic Medicine were included in the study. Samples were first analyzed by the CEDIA method without any pretreatment, and subsequently analyzed by LC-MS/MS following solid-phase extraction. LC-MS/MS was accepted as the reference method. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, Cohen’s kappa coefficient, and McNemar test. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of the CEDIA method in blood samples were 3.1% and 100%, respectively. In urine samples, sensitivity was 77.4% and specificity was 98.1%. Agreement between CEDIA and LC-MS/MS was very poor in blood samples (κ=0.042), while good agreement was observed in urine samples (κ=0.762). McNemar test revealed statistically significant differences between the two methods for both biological matrices (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the CEDIA method has low sensitivity in blood samples and cannot be considered a reliable screening test in this matrix. Although higher sensitivity was observed in urine samples, complete agreement between the methods was not achieved. The LC-MS/MS method showed high sensitivity and specificity in both biological matrices. These findings suggest that LC-MS/MS should be preferred as the primary analytical method, particularly for the analysis of blood samples.

Özet

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Adli Toksikoloji alanında yaygın olarak kullanılan CEDIA immünoassay yöntemi ile LC-MS/MS yönteminin, kan ve idrar örneklerinde amfetamin ve türevlerinin tespitindeki performanslarını karşılaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya, Erzurum Adli Tıp Grup Başkanlığı’na adli toksikolojik inceleme amacıyla gönderilen toplam 196 gerçek adli vakaya ait kan ve idrar örnekleri dâhil edilmiştir. Numuneler herhangi bir ön işleme tabi tutulmadan CEDIA yöntemi ile analiz edilmiş, ardından aynı numuneler katı faz ekstraksiyonu uygulanarak LC-MS/MS cihazında analiz edilmiştir. LC-MS/MS yöntemi referans yöntem olarak kabul edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar duyarlılık, özgüllük, Cohen’s kappa uyum katsayısı ve McNemar testi kullanılarak istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: CEDIA yönteminin kan numunelerinde duyarlılığı %3,1 ve özgüllüğü %100 olarak bulunmuştur. İdrar numunelerinde ise duyarlılık %77,4 ve özgüllük %98,1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Kan örneklerinde CEDIA ile LC-MS/MS arasındaki uyum çok zayıf bulunurken (κ=0,042), idrar örneklerinde iyi düzeyde uyum saptanmıştır (κ=0,762). McNemar testi sonuçları, her iki biyolojik örnek türü için yöntemler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğunu göstermiştir (p<0,001). Sonuç: Bu çalışma, CEDIA yönteminin özellikle kan örneklerinde düşük duyarlılığa sahip olduğunu ve güvenilir bir tarama testi olarak kullanılamayacağını göstermiştir. İdrar örneklerinde daha yüksek duyarlılık elde edilmesine rağmen, yöntemler arasında tam uyum sağlanamamıştır. LC-MS/MS yöntemi ise her iki biyolojik matrikste de yüksek duyarlılık ve özgüllük göstermiştir. Bu bulgular, özellikle kan örneklerinin analizinde LC-MS/MS yönteminin birincil analiz yöntemi olarak tercih edilmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Kesmen, E., Köse, E., Kök, A. N. (2026). Comparative Evaluation of CEDIA and LC-MS/MS Methods for the Detection of Amphetamine and Its Derivatives in Blood and Urine Samples. Adli Tıp Dergisi, Cilt: 40 Sayı: 1, 38–44. https://doi.org/10.61970/adlitip.1885416

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