Journals / Temaşa Erciyes Üniversitesi Felsefe Bölümü Dergisi / 2026 / Sayı: 25

Modern Science’s Ontological Crisis: The Problem of Space-Time in the Theory of Relativity

Modern Bilimde Ontoloji Krizi: Görelilik Teorisinde Zaman-Mekân Problemi

Deniz Hasançebi(Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi)0000-0002-8541-4063
Pages
167–184
Publication Date
2026-06-09
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Consequently, modern physics produces powerful mathematical models of nature while leaving unresolved questions about their ontological meaning at the intersection of physics and metaphysics.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:This article examines how the conception of space and time developed in modern physics—particularly through the Theory of Relativity—transforms the ontological assumptions of classical metaphysics.
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Key Findings & Data:In the Newtonian model of the universe, time was understood as a universal and absolute flow, while space was conceived as a fixed background in which physical events occur.
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Conclusion & Impact:Consequently, modern physics produces powerful mathematical models of nature while leaving unresolved questions about their ontological meaning at the intersection of physics and metaphysics.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Modern Bilim Felsefesi · Görelilik Teorisi · Uzay-Zaman Ontolojisi

Abstract

This article examines how the conception of space and time developed in modern physics—particularly through the Theory of Relativity—transforms the ontological assumptions of classical metaphysics. In the Newtonian model of the universe, time was understood as a universal and absolute flow, while space was conceived as a fixed background in which physical events occur. Special Relativity challenged this framework by introducing the relativity of simultaneity and demonstrating that time functions as an observer-dependent category of measurement. General Relativity further deepened this transformation by showing that the geometry of spacetime is determined by the distribution of mass and energy, thereby redefining space not as a static stage but as a dynamic structure shaped by physical processes. This shift has reopened the question of the ontological status of space and time. The article examines whether spacetime should be understood as an independent ontological entity or as a geometric representation of physical relations, discussing substantivalist, relationalist, and contemporary ontological interpretations. In addition, the ontological status of time is analyzed through McTaggart’s argument for the unreality of time, Gödel’s cosmological solution, and the block universe interpretation. The study shows that although relativity provides a highly successful physical theory, it does not offer a definitive metaphysical account of the ontology of space and time. Consequently, modern physics produces powerful mathematical models of nature while leaving unresolved questions about their ontological meaning at the intersection of physics and metaphysics.

Özet

Bu makale, modern fiziğin özellikle Görelilik Teorisi aracılığıyla ortaya koyduğu zaman ve mekân anlayışının klasik metafiziğin ontolojik kabullerini nasıl dönüştürdüğünü incelemektedir. Newtoncu evren modelinde zaman evrensel ve mutlak bir akış olarak, mekân ise fiziksel olayların gerçekleştiği sabit bir arka plan olarak kabul edilmiştir. Ancak Özel Görelilik Teorisi eşzamanlılığın göreliliğini ortaya koyarak zamanın gözlemciye bağlı bir ölçüm kategorisi hâline geldiğini göstermiştir. Genel Görelilik Teorisi ise kütle ve enerji dağılımının uzay-zaman geometrisini belirlediğini ortaya koyarak mekânın sabit bir zemin değil, fiziksel süreçlerle birlikte değişen dinamik bir yapı olduğunu ileri sürmüştür. Bu dönüşüm uzay ve zamanın ontolojik statüsünü yeniden tartışma konusu hâline getirmiştir. Makalede uzay-zamanın bağımsız bir ontolojik varlık mı yoksa fiziksel ilişkilerin geometrik temsili mi olduğu sorusu cevhercilik, ilişkiselcilik ve çağdaş ontolojik yaklaşımlar çerçevesinde incelenmektedir. Ayrıca zamanın ontolojik statüsüne ilişkin tartışmalar McTaggart’ın zamanın gerçekliğine yönelik argümanı, Gödel’in kozmolojik çözümü ve blok evren modeli bağlamında analiz edilmektedir. Bu inceleme sonucunda görelilik teorisinin fiziksel açıdan son derece başarılı bir kuram olmasına rağmen zaman ve mekânın ontolojik statüsü konusunda kesin bir metafizik çerçeve sunmadığı gösterilmektedir. Sonuç olarak modern fizik güçlü matematiksel modeller üretmekte, ancak bu modellerin ontolojik anlamı fizik ile metafizik arasındaki ilişki bağlamında hâlâ açık bir problem olarak varlığını sürdürmektedir.

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Cite This Article

Hasançebi, D. (2026). Modern Science’s Ontological Crisis: The Problem of Space-Time in the Theory of Relativity. Temaşa Erciyes Üniversitesi Felsefe Bölümü Dergisi, Sayı: 25, 167–184. https://doi.org/10.55256/temasa.1909551

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