Journals / Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care / 2026 / Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3

Oral Health Status and Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study

Tip 2 Diabetes Mellituslu Hastalarda Ağız Sağlığı Durumu ve Glisemik Kontrol Arasındaki İlişki: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Şebnem Turan Adıgüzel(5 Ocak Adana Devlet Hastanesi)0000-0002-8399-2628
Mehmet Adıgüzel(HATAY MUSTAFA KEMAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ, DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ FAKÜLTESİ, KLİNİK BİLİMLER BÖLÜMÜ, ENDODONTİ ANABİLİM DALI)0000-0002-9363-6264
Cahit Özer(Hatay Mustafa Kemal University)0000-0001-8828-2281
Pages
312–318
Publication Date
2026-09-01
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Incorporating simple oral health screening into routine diabetes follow-up may facilitate early identification of oral problems when a comprehensive dental assessment is not readily available.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Aim: This investigation evaluated clinical oral conditions and patient-reported oral outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and determined whether these outcomes are associated with glycemic control.
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Key Findings & Data:Methods: This study was cross-sectional and included 305 adults diagnosed with T2DM.
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Conclusion & Impact:Incorporating simple oral health screening into routine diabetes follow-up may facilitate early identification of oral problems when a comprehensive dental assessment is not readily available.
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Tip 2 diabetes mellitus · glisemik kontrol · HbA1c

Abstract

Aim: This investigation evaluated clinical oral conditions and patient-reported oral outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and determined whether these outcomes are associated with glycemic control. Methods: This study was cross-sectional and included 305 adults diagnosed with T2DM. Clinical oral status was measured with the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT). In contrast, patient-reported oral health outcomes were evaluated with the structured self-reported oral health questionnaire and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Glycemic control was represented by HbA1c values obtained from medical records. Group comparisons were performed using nonparametric tests, and correlations between HbA1c and oral measures were explored with Spearman analysis. Results: Median (range) scores were 5 (0–10) for OHAT, 3 (0–7) for the subjective oral health score, and 16 (0–40) for OHIP-14. Participants who reported consistent oral hygiene practices and recent dental visits demonstrated more favorable oral health outcomes and lower OHIP-14 scores (p < 0.05). HbA1c levels showed strong positive correlations with OHAT (r = 0.676), subjective oral health score (r = 0.658), and OHIP-14 scores (r = 0.752) (all p < 0.001). Conclusion: Among individuals with T2DM, poorer glycemic control was associated with worse oral health status and poorer OHRQoL. Incorporating simple oral health screening into routine diabetes follow-up may facilitate early identification of oral problems when a comprehensive dental assessment is not readily available.

Özet

Amaç: Bu çalışmada tip 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) hastalarında ağız sağlığı durumu ve ağız sağlığı ile ilişkili yaşam kalitesi (OHRQoL) değerlendirilmiş; bu bulguların glisemik kontrol ile ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu kesitsel çalışmaya T2DM tanısı olan 305 yetişkin birey dahil edilmiştir. Klinik ağız sağlığı durumu Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Algılanan ağız sağlığı yapılandırılmış özbildirim ağız sağlığı anketi ile, ağız sağlığı ile ilişkili yaşam kalitesi ise Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) ile ölçülmüştür. Glisemik kontrol, tıbbi kayıtlardan elde edilen HbA1c değerleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Grup karşılaştırmalarında parametrik olmayan testler kullanılmış ve HbA1c ile ağız sağlığı ölçütleri arasındaki ilişkiler Spearman korelasyon analizi ile incelenmiştir (p < 0,05). Bulgular: Katılımcıların OHAT, özbildirim ağız sağlığı skoru ve OHIP-14 medyan skorları sırasıyla 5 (0–10), 3 (0–7) ve 16 (0–40) olarak bulunmuştur. Düzenli diş fırçalama alışkanlığı olan ve son bir yıl içinde diş hekimi ziyareti olan bireylerde ağız sağlığı durumu ve ağız sağlığı ile ilişkili yaşam kalitesi anlamlı derecede daha iyi bulunmuştur (p < 0,05). HbA1c düzeyleri ile OHAT, özbildirim ağız sağlığı skoru ve OHIP-14 skorları arasında anlamlı pozitif korelasyon saptanmıştır (p < 0,001). Sonuç: T2DM’li bireylerde kötü glisemik kontrol daha kötü ağız sağlığı durumu ve daha düşük ağız sağlığı ile ilişkili yaşam kalitesi ile ilişkilidir. Diyabet takibinde basit ağız sağlığı değerlendirmelerinin yapılması, ağız sağlığı sorunlarının erken dönemde tanınmasına katkı sağlayabilir.

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Cite This Article

Adıgüzel, Ş. T., Adıgüzel, M., Özer, C. (2026). Oral Health Status and Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3, 312–318. https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1918956

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