Journals / Turkish Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science / 2026 / Volume: 18 Issue: 3

Equitable and Outdegree Equitable Domination in Product Graphs

Manju K Menon(St. Paul's College, Kalamassery, Kerala, India)0000-0002-5692-825X
Pages
—
Publication Date
2026-10-13
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In this paper equitability related domination parameters such as equitable domination number and outdegree equitable domination number are analyzed within the realm of some graph products specifically the cartesian and the strong product of graphs.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:An equitable dominating set of a graph $G = (V , E)$, is a subset of vertices $D \subseteq V$ such that each vertex $v\in V-D$, is adjacent to at least one vertex $u\in D$ and the degree of $u$ and $v$ differ by at most 1.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The \textbf{equitable domination number} $\gamma^e(G)$ is the size of the smallest equitable dominating set of $G$.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In this paper equitability related domination parameters such as equitable domination number and outdegree equitable domination number are analyzed within the realm of some graph products specifically the cartesian and the strong product of graphs.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Equitable dominating set · outdegree equitable dominating set · equitable domination number

Abstract

An equitable dominating set of a graph $G = (V , E)$, is a subset of vertices $D \subseteq V$ such that each vertex $v\in V-D$, is adjacent to at least one vertex $u\in D$ and the degree of $u$ and $v$ differ by at most 1. The \textbf{equitable domination number} $\gamma^e(G)$ is the size of the smallest equitable dominating set of $G$. For a vertex $u$ in the dominating set $D$ of a graph $G$, the number of edges from $u$ to $V-D$ is called the outdegree of $u$ with respect to $D$, $d_{D, G}^o(u)$. A dominating set $D$ is called the outdegree equitable dominating set if the absolute value of the differences of outdegrees of any two vertices in $D$ is at most one. The \textbf{outdegree equitable domination number} of $G$ $\gamma_{oe}(G)$ is the size of the smallest outdegree equitable dominating set of $G$. In this paper equitability related domination parameters such as equitable domination number and outdegree equitable domination number are analyzed within the realm of some graph products specifically the cartesian and the strong product of graphs.

🔖

Cite This Article

R, T. T., Menon, M. K. (2026). Equitable and Outdegree Equitable Domination in Product Graphs. Turkish Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science, Volume: 18 Issue: 3. https://doi.org/10.47000/tjmcs.1785825

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (18)

  1. Allan, R.B., Laskar, R.C., On domination and independent domination numbers of a graph, Discrete Math. 23(2)(1978), 73–76.
  2. Berge, C., Theory of Graphs and its Applications, Methuen, London, 1962.
  3. Caay, M., Durog, M., On some independent equitable domination of graphs, Gulf Journal of Mathematics, 11(1)(1978), 57–64.
  4. Clark, J., Holton, D.A., A First Look at Graph Theory, World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, 1991.
  5. Cockayne, E.J., Hedetniemi, S.T., Towards a theory of domination in graphs, Networks, 7(1977), 247–261.
  6. Dharmalingham, K.M., Bounds for outdegree equitable domination number in graphs, Bulletin of the International Mathematical Virtual Institute, 3(2010), 149–154.
  7. El-Zahar, M., Pareek, C.M., Domination number of products of graphs, Ars Combin. 31(1991), 223–227.
  8. Hammack, R., Imrich, W., Klavˇzar, S., Handbook of Product Graphs (2nd ed.), CRC Press, 2011.
  9. Haynes, T.W., Hedetniemi, S.T., Slater, P.J., Fundamentals of Domination in Graphs, Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, 1998.
  10. Mahesh, M.S., Namasivayam, P., Triple connected two out degree equitable domination number, Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography, 20(3)(2017), 653–661.
  11. Nayaka, S.R., Anwar Alwardi, Puttaswamy, Transversal domination in graphs, Gulf Journal of Mathematics, 6(2)(2018), 41–49.
  12. Ore, O., Theory of graphs, Amer. Math. Soc. Colloq. Publ. Providence, RI, 1962.
  13. Sahal, A., Mathad, V., Two - outdegree equitable domination number in graphs, Transactions on Combinatorics, 2(3)(2013), 13–19.
  14. Swaminathan, V., Dharmalingam, K.M., Degree equitable domination on graphs, Kragujevac Journal of Mathematics, 35(1)(2011), 191–197.
  15. Thasneem, T.R., Manju Menon, K., Outdegree equitable domination of Join of Two Graphs, Bulletin of Kerala Mathematical Association, 19(1)(2022), 23–32.
  16. Thasneem, T.R., Manju Menon, K., Equitable and outdegree equitable domination number of graphs, TWMS Journal Of Applied And Engineering Mathematics, 13(4)(2023), 1631–1640.
  17. Thasneem, T.R., Manju Menon, K., Outdegree equitable domination number of certain graph operators, Proyecciones, 43(5)(2024), 1037–1053.
  18. Thasneem, T.R., Manju Menon, K., Graph domination in rooted products: equitable and outdegree equitable approaches, Gulf Journal of Mathematics, 19(1)(2025), 125–135.