Journals / Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi / 2025 / Cilt: 14 Sayı: 4

Investigation of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites Reinforced with Waste Beeswax

Atık Bal Mumu Takviyeli Biyokompozitlerin Fiziksel ve Mekanik Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Hasan Polat(Bingöl üniversitesi Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksek Okulu Mimarlık ve Şehir Planlama Bölümü)0000-0003-1521-0695
Mehmet Nuri Kolak(BINGOL UNIVERSITY, BİNGÖL TECHNICAL SCIENCES VOCATIONAL SCHOOL)0000-0003-3533-3422
Yavuz Selim Tarih(BINGOL UNIVERSITY, BİNGÖL TECHNICAL SCIENCES VOCATIONAL SCHOOL)0000-0002-8267-7706
Pages
149–157
Publication Date
2025-12-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The findings revealed that the addition of beeswax reduced the overall density of the composites, thereby contributing to lightweight structures.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Waste beeswax (WB) obtained from various industrial processes has significant potential in terms of recycling and value-added material production.
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Key Findings & Data:In this study, the usability of waste beeswax generated from beekeeping activities as an alternative filler in polymer matrix composite systems was investigated.
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Conclusion & Impact:The findings revealed that the addition of beeswax reduced the overall density of the composites, thereby contributing to lightweight structures.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Biocomposite · Physical and mechanical properties · Polymer matrix composite

Abstract

Waste beeswax (WB) obtained from various industrial processes has significant potential in terms of recycling and value-added material production. The utilization of such waste not only reduces environmental impact but also enhances economic feasibility by converting waste into valuable products. In this study, the usability of waste beeswax generated from beekeeping activities as an alternative filler in polymer matrix composite systems was investigated. Within a base composite matrix composed of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and crushed stone aggregate (SC), the aggregate was partially replaced by WB at weight ratios of 5%, 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5%. The produced biocomposite samples were subjected to physical and mechanical tests including density, water absorption, porosity, compressive strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). The results were further evaluated using regression and correlation analyses. The findings revealed that the addition of beeswax reduced the overall density of the composites, thereby contributing to lightweight structures. However, higher beeswax contents led to increased porosity and water absorption, accompanied by a decrease in mechanical performance. Notably, compressive strength and UPV values showed significant reductions at beeswax contents above 10%. In conclusion, the limited use of WB as a filler material appears to be a viable approach for developing environmentally sustainable, cost-effective, and functionally acceptable biocomposite materials.

Özet

Çeşitli endüstriyel proseslerden elde edilen atık balmumu, geri dönüşüm ve katma değer yaratımı açısından önemli bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bu tür atıkların değerlendirilmesi, çevresel etkilerin azaltılmasının yanı sıra, atıkların ekonomik olarak uygulanabilir ürünlere dönüştürülmesini mümkün kılar. Bu çalışma kapsamında, arıcılık faaliyetleri sonucu oluşan atık bal mumunun polimer matrisli kompozit sistemlerde alternatif dolgu maddesi olarak kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Doymamış polyester reçine (UPR) ve kırmataş agregasından oluşan bir temel kompozit matris sisteminde, SC ağırlıkça %5, %7.5, %10 ve %12.5 oranlarında bal mumu atığı ile ikame edilmiştir. Üretilen biyokompozit numuneler üzerinde yoğunluk, su emme, porozite, basınç dayanımı ve ultrases geçiş hızı (UPV) gibi fiziksel ve mekanik özellikler incelenmiş; sonuçlar regresyon ve korelasyon analizleri ile desteklenmiştir. Bulgular, bal mumu katkısının kompozit yoğunluğunu düşürerek hafiflik sağladığını, ancak yüksek katkı oranlarında gözeneklilik ve su emme eğilimlerinin arttığını ve mekanik performansın azaldığını ortaya koymuştur. Özellikle %10’un üzerindeki katkı oranlarında basınç dayanımı ve UPV değerlerinde belirgin düşüşler tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, atık bal mumunun sınırlı oranlarda kullanımı ile çevresel sürdürülebilirliği destekleyen, ekonomik ve fonksiyonel özellikler bakımından kabul edilebilir biyokompozit malzemelerin geliştirilmesi mümkün olduğu belirlenmiştir.

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Cite This Article

Polat, H., Kolak, M. N., Dursun, İ., Tarih, Y. S., Gündüz, M. Z. (2025). Investigation of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites Reinforced with Waste Beeswax. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 4, 149–157. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1740537

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