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Journals / Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1

Phylogenetic Analysis of Some Species of the Genus Biarum Based on the Chloroplast trnLC Intron Region

Cahit Çeçen0000-0001-6789-9397
Arif Parmaksız(HARRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-0321-8198
Hasan Akan(Harran Ün)0000-0002-3033-4349
Mehmet Maruf Balos(HARRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-9590-5237
Dilara Ulusal Sevimli(HARRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-9090-5855
Pages
160–166
Publication Date
2026-03-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

It was concluded that the trnLC region is meaningful for the systematics of Biarum species, but it should be supported with additional chloroplast or nuclear markers, especially to distinguish closely related species.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study was conducted to reveal the phylogenetic relationships of 12 Biarum species collected from different regions of Turkey based on the chloroplast DNA trnLC intron region.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The genus Biarum, belonging to the family Araceae, holds an important place in the flora of Turkey and is represented by 12 taxa in our country.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:It was concluded that the trnLC region is meaningful for the systematics of Biarum species, but it should be supported with additional chloroplast or nuclear markers, especially to distinguish closely related species.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:flora · Turkey · Molecular

Abstract

This study was conducted to reveal the phylogenetic relationships of 12 Biarum species collected from different regions of Turkey based on the chloroplast DNA trnLC intron region. The genus Biarum, belonging to the family Araceae, holds an important place in the flora of Turkey and is represented by 12 taxa in our country. Some of these species are endemic to Turkey, and due to their highly similar morphological structures, molecular-level analyses were needed. In this study, DNA was isolated from the leaves of plant specimens, and the trnLC gene region was amplified by PCR and subsequently sequenced. The sequence data obtained were aligned using the MEGA X software, and a Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Kimura-2 parameter model. According to the findings, it was determined that the genus Biarum generally forms a monophyletic group, and certain species pairs exhibited very close relationships with high bootstrap values (for example, B. x cinarense and B. carduchorum). Similarly, B. bovei and B. crispulum also demonstrated a close evolutionary relationship, while B. eximium, B. syriacum, and B. tenuifolium subsp. zelebori were positioned on the more basal branches of the phylogenetic tree, indicating earlier diverging lineages. Moreover, the molecular findings were largely consistent with the morphological similarities and geographical proximities of the species. It was concluded that the trnLC region is meaningful for the systematics of Biarum species, but it should be supported with additional chloroplast or nuclear markers, especially to distinguish closely related species.

Özet

This study was conducted to reveal the phylogenetic relationships of 12 Biarum species collected from different regions of Turkey based on the chloroplast DNA trnLC intron region. The genus Biarum, belonging to the family Araceae, holds an important place in the flora of Turkey and is represented by 12 taxa in our country. Some of these species are endemic to Turkey, and due to their highly similar morphological structures, molecular-level analyses were needed. In this study, DNA was isolated from the leaves of plant specimens, and the trnLC gene region was amplified by PCR and subsequently sequenced. The sequence data obtained were aligned using the MEGA X software, and a Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Kimura-2 parameter model. According to the findings, it was determined that the genus Biarum generally forms a monophyletic group, and certain species pairs exhibited very close relationships with high bootstrap values (for example, B. x cinarense and B. carduchorum). Similarly, B. bovei and B. crispulum also demonstrated a close evolutionary relationship, while B. eximium, B. syriacum, and B. tenuifolium subsp. zelebori were positioned on the more basal branches of the phylogenetic tree, indicating earlier diverging lineages. Moreover, the molecular findings were largely consistent with the morphological similarities and geographical proximities of the species. It was concluded that the trnLC region is meaningful for the systematics of Biarum species, but it should be supported with additional chloroplast or nuclear markers, especially to distinguish closely related species.

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Cite This Article

Çeçen, C., Parmaksız, A., Akan, H., Balos, M. M., Sevimli, D. U. (2026). Phylogenetic Analysis of Some Species of the Genus Biarum Based on the Chloroplast trnLC Intron Region. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 160–166. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1735124

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