SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi / 2025 / Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3

Prevalence of Tsw-Resistance Breaking Strains of Tomato spotted wilt virus Isolates in Pepper in Türkiye

Türkiye’de Biberde Tsw Geni Dayanıklılığını Kıran Tomato spotted wilt virus İzolatlarının Yaygınlığı

İlyas Deligöz(SAMSUN KARADENİZ TARIMSAL ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ)0000-0003-3646-300X
Abdullah Baltacı(Karadeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü)0000-0002-0309-5215
Nazlı Dide Kutluk Yılmaz(ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0001-7331-9109
Pages
284–303
Publication Date
2025-12-29
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In addition, it was determined in the study that all TSWV isolates breaking the Tsw gene-mediated resistance in pepper were unable to overcome the Sw-5 gene-mediated resistance in tomato.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is one of the most common viruses infecting pepper worldwide.
📊
Key Findings & Data:In this study, 221 pepper TSWV isolates obtained from pepper production areas in Antalya, Samsun, Manisa, Canakkale and Bursa provinces of Türkiye in 2017 were examined for breaking the Tsw gene resistance in pepper.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In addition, it was determined in the study that all TSWV isolates breaking the Tsw gene-mediated resistance in pepper were unable to overcome the Sw-5 gene-mediated resistance in tomato.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2017 Verileri
⚙️Variables:TSWV · Capsicum annuum · Tsw

Abstract

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is one of the most common viruses infecting pepper worldwide. In this study, 221 pepper TSWV isolates obtained from pepper production areas in Antalya, Samsun, Manisa, Canakkale and Bursa provinces of Türkiye in 2017 were examined for breaking the Tsw gene resistance in pepper. The ability of the isolates that overcame the Tsw gene-mediated resistance in pepper to break the Sw-5 gene-mediated resistance to TSWV in tomato was assessed.. For this purpose, the isolates were mechanically inoculated on each of five plants of two different Capsicum chinense genotypes with Tsw gene (PI 152225 and PI 159236) and Yolo Wonder genotypes without Tsw gene. Four weeks after inoculation, the plants were evaluated symptomatologically and by ELISA. As a result of the study, 92 out of 221 isolates (41.6%) were found to break the Tsw gene resistance in pepper. Resistance-breaking isolates were detected in Antalya (%77), Samsun (%37.2) and Canakkale (%100) provinces, while only non-resistance-breaking isolates were detected in Manisa and Bursa provinces in Türkiye. In addition, it was determined in the study that all TSWV isolates breaking the Tsw gene-mediated resistance in pepper were unable to overcome the Sw-5 gene-mediated resistance in tomato.

Özet

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) tüm dünyada biberi enfekte eden en yaygın virüslerden birisidir. Bu çalışmada 2017 yılında Antalya, Samsun, Manisa, Çanakkale ve Bursa illeri biber üretim alanlarından elde edilen 221 biber TSWV izolatının biberde Tsw geni dayanıklılığını kırma durumları ile biberde Tsw gwnini kıran izolatların domateste TSWV’ye dayanıklılık sağlayan Sw-5 dayanıklılığını kırabilme durumları incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla izolatlar, Tsw genine sahip iki farklı Capsicum chinense genotipine (PI 152225 ve PI 159236) ve Tsw geni içermeyen Yolo Wonder genotipine ait beşer bitkinin her birine mekanik inokulasyon yöntemi ile ayrı ayrı olarak inokule edilmiştir. İnokulasyondan dört hafta sonra bitkiler simtomatolojik olarak ve ELISA testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda 221 izolatın 92’sinin (%41.6) biberde Tsw geni dayanıklılığını kırdığı belirlenmiştir. Dayanıklılık kıran izolatlar, Antalya (%77), Samsun (%37.2) ve Çanakkale (%100) illerinde saptanırken, Manisa ve Bursa illerinde yalnızca dayanıklılık kırmayan izolatlar belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada biberde Tsw geni dayanıklılığını kıran TSWV izolatlarının tamamının domateste Sw-5 geni dayanıklılığını kıramadıkları tespit edilmiştir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Deligöz, İ., Baltacı, A., Yılmaz, N. D. K. (2025). Prevalence of Tsw-Resistance Breaking Strains of Tomato spotted wilt virus Isolates in Pepper in Türkiye. Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 284–303. https://doi.org/10.24180/ijaws.1691792

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (45)

  1. Adkins, S. (2000). Tomato spotted wilt virus—positive steps towards negative success. Molecular Plant Pathology, 1(3), 151-157. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1364-3703.2000.00022.x
  2. Akdura, N., & Kılıç, H. Ç. (2022). Hakkari ili domates ve biber üretim alanlarında Yonca mozaik virüsü ve Domates lekeli solgunluk virüsü’nün belirlenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26(3), 435-440. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.1082948
  3. Almási, A., Csilléry, G., Csömör, Z., Nemes, K., Palkovics, L., Salánki, K., & Tóbiás, I. (2015). Phylogenetic analysis of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) NSs protein demonstrates the isolated emergence of resistance-breaking strains in pepper. Virus Genes, 50, 71-78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-014-1131-3
  4. Almasi, A., Nemes, K., & Salanki, K. (2020). Increasing diversity of resistance breaking pepper strains of Tomato spotted wilt virus in the Mediterranean region. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 59(2), 385-391. https://doi.org/10.14601/Phyto-11346
  5. Aramburu, J., & Marti, M. (2003). The occurrence in north-east Spain of a variant of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) that breaks resistance in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) containing the Sw-5 gene. Plant Pathology, 52(3). https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2003.00829.x
  6. Aramburu, J., Galipienso, L., Soler, S., & Lopez, C. (2010). Characterization of Tomato spotted wilt virus isolates that overcome the Sw-5 resistance gene in tomato and fitness assays. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 49(3), 342-351. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14601/Phytopathol_Mediterr-8435.
  7. Aybak, H. Ç. (2007). Biber. İstanbul, Hasad Yayıncılık.
  8. Aybak, H. Ç., (2002), Biber yetiştiriciliği. Hasad Yayıncılık 155 s.
  9. Black L.L., Hobbs H.A., Gatti J.M. 1991. Tomato spotted wilt virus resistance in Capsicum chinense PI152225 and 159236”, Plant Disease, 75, 863.
  10. Boiteux, L. S. (1995). Allelic relationships between genes for resistance to tomato spotted wilt tospovirus in Capsicum chinense. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 90, 146-149. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00221009
  11. Coutts, B. A., & Jones, R. A. C. (2005). Suppressing spread of Tomato spotted wilt virus by drenching infected source or healthy recipient plants with neonicotinoid insecticides to control thrips vectors. Annals of Applied Biology, 146(1), 95-103. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2005.04033.x
  12. Crescenzi, A., Viggiano, A., & Fanigliulo, A. (2013). Resistance breaking Tomato spotted wilt virus isolates on resistant pepper varieties in Italy. Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, 78(3), 609-612. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1069.13
  13. De Ronde, D., Pasquier, A., Ying, S., Butterbach, P., Lohuis, D., & Kormelink, R. (2014). Analysis of Tomato spotted wilt virus NSs protein indicates the importance of the N‐terminal domain for avirulence and RNA silencing suppression. Molecular Plant Pathology, 15(2), 185-195. https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12082
  14. Debreczeni, D. E., Rubio, L., Aramburu, J., Lopez, C., Galipienso, L., Soler, S., & Belliure, B. (2014). Transmission of Tomato spotted wilt virus isolates able and unable to overcome tomato or pepper resistance by its vector Frankliniella occidentalis. Annals of Applied Biology, 164(2), 182-189. https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12090
  15. Deligoz, I., Sokmen, M. A., & Sari, S. (2014). First report of resistance breaking strain of Tomato spotted wilt virus (Tospovirus; Bunyaviridae) on resistant sweet pepper cultivars in Turkey. New Disease Reports, 30(26), 2044-0588. https://doi.org/10.5197/j.2044-0588.2014.030.026
  16. Deligöz, İ., Baltacı, A., Çelik, N., Özdemir, S., Uzunoğulları, N., & Yılmaz, N. K. (2023). Türkiye’de biberde enfeksiyon oluşturan virüslerin belirlenmesi. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 38(1), 117-130. https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.11274654
  17. FAO, (2025). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. www.fao.org. URL: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QV. [Erişim Tarihi: 21 Şubat 2025].
  18. Fidan, H. (2016). Antalya’da örtü altı domates ve biber alanlarında dayanıklılık kıran Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) izolatların genetik kıyaslanması, VI. Türkiye Bitki Koruma Kongresi Konya, Türkiye, 560.
  19. Gautam, S., Workneh, F., Chinnaiah, S., Rush, C., Xue, Q., Anderson, N., Crosby, K. M., & Gadhave, K. R. (2024). Tsw-resistant pepper cultivars offer limited protection against resistance-breaking isolates of Tomato spotted wilt virus. Plant Health Progress, https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-08-24-0075-RS
  20. Jahn, M., Paran, I., Hoffmann, K., Radwanski, E. R., Livingstone, K. D., Grube, R. C., Aftergoot E., Lapidot M., Moyer, J. (2000). Genetic mapping of the Tsw locus for resistance to the Tospovirus Tomato spotted wilt virus in Capsicum spp. and its relationship to the Sw-5 gene for resistance to the same pathogen in tomato. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 13(6), 673-682. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2000.13.6.673
  21. Keane, P. J., Brown j. (1997). Disease management: resistant cultivars. In ‘Plant pathogens and plant diseases. (Eds JF Brown, HJ Ogle) p. 556.
  22. Koç, G., Yildiz, K., Fidan, H., & Çalış, Ö. (2024). Presence of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus between cress and pepper intercropped in Kumluca district of Turkiye. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpaşa University (JAFAG), 41(2), 98-102. https://doi.org/10.55507/gopzfd.1491241
  23. Macedo, M. A., Rojas, M. R., & Gilbertson, R. L. (2019). First report of a resistance-breaking strain of Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus infecting sweet pepper with the Tsw resistance gene in California, USA. Plant Disease, 103(5), 1048. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-18-1239-PDN
  24. Margaria, P., Ciuffo, M., & Turina, M. (2004). Resistance breaking strain of Tomato spotted wilt virus (Tospovirus; Bunyaviridae) on resistant pepper cultivars in Almería, Spain. Plant Pathology, 53(6). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2004.01082.x
  25. Margaria, P., Ciuffo, M., Pacifico, D., & Turina, M. (2007). Evidence that the nonstructural protein of Tomato spotted wilt virus is the avirulence determinant in the interaction with resistant pepper carrying the Tsw gene. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 20(5), 547-558. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-20-5-0547
  26. Mound, L. A. (2002). So many thrips-so few tospoviruses. In Thrips and tospoviruses: Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Thysanoptera (pp. 15-18). Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra.
  27. Moury, B.; Verdin, E. (2012). Viruses of pepper crops in the Mediterranean basin. A Remarkable Stasis. In Advances in Virus Research, 84., pp. 127–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394314-9.00004-X
  28. Nilon, A.; Robinson, K.; Pappu, H. R.; Mitter, N. (2021). Current status and potential of RNA interference for the management of Tomato spotted wilt virus and Thrips Vectors. Pathogens, 10, 320. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10030320
  29. Ojinaga, M.; Guirao, P.; Larregla, S. A. (2022). survey of main pepper crop viruses in different cultivation systems for the selection of the most appropriate resistance genes in sensitive local cultivars in Northern Spain. Plants, 11, 719. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11060719
  30. Öztürk, P. K., Yavuz, Ş., & Torun, H. (2024). Akdeniz Bölgesi örtüaltı domates ve biber alanlarında Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)’a konukçu yabancı ot türleri ile enfeksiyon durumunun belirlenmesi. Çukurova Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 39(1), 208-219. https://doi.org/10.36846/CJAFS.2024.144
  31. Parrella, G., Gognalons, P., Gebre-Selassie, K., Vovlas, C., & Marchoux, G. (2003). An update of the host range of Tomato spotted wilt virus. Journal of Plant Pathology, 227-264.
  32. Pernezny, K., Robert, P. D., Murphy, J. F., Goldberg, N. P. (2003). Compendium of pepper diseases. The American Phytopatholgical Society, St. Paul, MN, 1, 24–25.
  33. Pink, D. A. C., & Hand, P. (203). Plant resistance and strategies for breeding resistant varieties. Plant Protectıon Science-Prague-, 38, 9-14. https://doi.org/10.17221/10310-PPS
  34. Roggero, P., Masenga, V., & Tavella, L. (2002). Field isolates of Tomato spotted wilt virus overcoming resistance in pepper and their spread to other hosts in Italy. Plant Disease, 86(9), 950-954. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.9.950
  35. Roggero, P., Melani, V., Ciuffo, M., Tavella, L., Tedeschi, R., & Stravato, V. M. (1999). Two field isolates of Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus overcome the hypersensitive response of a pepper (Capsicum annuum) hybrid with resistance introgressed from C. chinense PI152225. Plant Disease, 83(10), 965-965. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1999.83.10.965A
  36. Scholthof, K. B. G., Adkins, S., Czosnek, H., Palukaitis, P., Jacquot, E., Hohn, T., Hohn, B., Saunders, K., Candresse, T., Ahlquist, P. (2011). Top 10 plant viruses in molecular plant pathology. Molecular Plant Pathology 12, 938–954. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00752.x
  37. Sharman, M., & Persley, D. M. (2006). Field isolates of Tomato spotted wilt virus overcoming resistance in capsicum in Australia. Australasian Plant Pathology, 35(2), 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1071/AP06014
  38. Topkaya, Ş. (2021). Prevalence and molecular characterization of Tomato spotted wilt virus in pepper fields in Tokat province. Plant Protection Bulletin, 61(3), 28-35. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.898371
  39. TÜİK, 2025. Bitkisel üretim istatistikleri. www.tuik.gov.tr. URL: https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr [Erişim tarihi: 21 Şubat 2025).
  40. Ullman, D. E., Cho, J. J., Mau, R. F., Westcot, D. M., & Custer, D. M. (1992). A midgut barrier to tomato spotted wilt virus acquisition by adult western flower thrips. Phytopathology-New York and Baltımore Then St Paul-, 82, 1333-1333.
  41. Uslu, Y. E., & Yorgancı, S. (2024). Seed and pollen transmission of Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) in pepper. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpaşa University (JAFAG), 41(3), 186-192. https://doi.org/10.55507/gopzfd.1547338
  42. Usta, M., Güller, A., Demirel, S., Korkmaz, G., & Kurt Z. (2023). New insights into Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) infections in Türkiye: Molecular detection, phylogenetic analysis, and in silico docking study. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 51(3), 13245-13245. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51313245
  43. Wang, H.; Wu, X.; Hunag, X.; Wei, S.; Lu, Z.; Ye, J. (2022). Seed transmission of Tomato Spotted Wilt Orthotospovirus in pepper. Viruses, 14, 1873. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14091873
  44. Wijkamp, I. (1995). Virus-vector relationships in the transmission of tospoviruses. [Doctoral dissertation, Wageningen University and Research.], Wageningen. s.143.
  45. Yoon, J. Y., Her, N. H., Cho, I. S., Chung, B. N., & Choi, S. K. (2021). First report of a resistance-breaking strain of Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus infecting Capsicum annuum carrying the Tsw resistance gene in South Korea. Plant Disease, 105(8), 2259. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-20-1952-PDN