Journals / Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3

Determination of total phenolic, flavonoid and monomeric anthocyanin contents and antioxidant properties of 15 different fruit vinegars produced by traditional method

Geleneksel yöntemle üretilen 15 farklı meyve sirkesinin toplam fenolik, flavonoid ve monomerik antosiyanin içerikleri ve antioksidan özelliklerinin belirlenmesi

Melih Güzel(GÜMÜŞHANE ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-5374-8838
Pages
844–851
Publication Date
2024-07-15
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

As a result, it was concluded that the phenolic, flavonoid contents and the antioxidant capacity in all 3 methods (TEAC, FRAP and DPPH) of rosehip vinegar was significantly higher than other vinegars.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:In this study, vinegars were produced using traditional method from 15 different fruits (rosehip, pear, fig, wild pear, apple, plum, hawthorn (yellow and red), pomegranate, grape (cimin, cardinal), peach, cranberry, quince and medlar).
📊
Key Findings & Data:As a result, it was concluded that the phenolic, flavonoid contents and the antioxidant capacity in all 3 methods (TEAC, FRAP and DPPH) of rosehip vinegar was significantly higher than other vinegars.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The results of the study suggest that an alternative consumption method can be provided by producing vinegar, which is a healthy, aromatic and alternative product with high added value, from fruits such as rosehip, wild pear, hawthorn, cranberry, quince and medlar, whose usage and consumption are limited due to their natural structure.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Sirke · Antioksidan · Fenolik

Abstract

In this study, vinegars were produced using traditional method from 15 different fruits (rosehip, pear, fig, wild pear, apple, plum, hawthorn (yellow and red), pomegranate, grape (cimin, cardinal), peach, cranberry, quince and medlar). It was aimed to determine the total phenolic, total flavonoid and total monomeric anthocyanin contents and antioxidant capacities of vinegars. As a result, it was concluded that the phenolic, flavonoid contents and the antioxidant capacity in all 3 methods (TEAC, FRAP and DPPH) of rosehip vinegar was significantly higher than other vinegars. In addition, wild pear and hawthorn vinegars were very rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds and these vinegars had very high antioxidant capacity. The results of the study suggest that an alternative consumption method can be provided by producing vinegar, which is a healthy, aromatic and alternative product with high added value, from fruits such as rosehip, wild pear, hawthorn, cranberry, quince and medlar, whose usage and consumption are limited due to their natural structure.

Özet

Bu çalışmada 15 farklı meyveden (kuşburnu, armut, incir, yabani armut, elma, erik, alıç (sarı ve kırmızı), nar, üzüm (cimin, kardinal), şeftali, kızılcık, ayva ve muşmula) geleneksel yöntemle sirke üretilmiştir. Sirkelerin toplam fenolik, toplam flavonoid ve toplam monomerik antosiyanin içerikleri ile antioksidan kapasitelerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak kuşburnu sirkesinin fenolik, flavonoid içeriklerinin ve her 3 yöntemde (TEAC, FRAP ve DPPH) antioksidan kapasitesinin diğer sirkelere kıyasla oldukça yüksek olduğu, ayrıca ahlat ve alıç sirkelerinin fenolik ve flavonoid bileşikler bakımından oldukça zengin olduğu ve bu sirkelerin çok yüksek antioksidan kapasiteye sahip olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları, doğal yapısı nedeniyle kullanımı ve tüketimi sınırlı olan kuşburnu, ahlat, alıç, kızılcık, ayva ve muşmula gibi meyvelerden sağlıklı, aromatik ve katma değeri yüksek alternatif bir ürün olan sirke üretilerek alternatif bir tüketim yöntemi sağlanabileceğini ortaya koymuştur.

🔖

Cite This Article

Güzel, M. (2024). Determination of total phenolic, flavonoid and monomeric anthocyanin contents and antioxidant properties of 15 different fruit vinegars produced by traditional method. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 844–851. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1442055

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (56)

  1. K. Pushparaj, W.C. Liu, A. Meyyazhagan, A. Orlacchio, M. Pappusamy, C. Vadivalagan, A.A. Robert, V.A. Arumugam, H. Kamyab, J.J. Klemeš and T. Khademi, Nanofrom nature to nurture: A comprehensive review on facets, trends, perspectives and sustainability of nanotechnology in the food sector. Energy, 240, 122732, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.e nergy.2021.122732
  2. S. Yavari, H. Kamyab, T.S. Abd Manan, S. Chelliapan, R. Asadpour, S. Yavari, N.B. Sapari, L. Baloo, A.B. Sidik and I. Kirpichnikova, Bio-efficacy of imidazolinones in weed control in a tropical paddy soil amended with optimized agrowaste derived biochars. Chemosphere, 303, 134957, 2022. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134957
  3. B. Abadi, S. Mahdavian and F. Fattahi, The waste management of fruit and vegetable in wholesale markets: Intention and behavior analysis using path analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 279, 123802, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123802
  4. L.M. Luzón-Quintana, R. Castro, and E. Durán-Guerrero, Biotechnological processes in fruit vinegar production. Foods, 10, 945, 2021. https://doi.org/10. 3390/foods10050945
  5. S. Lalou, S. Ordoudi and F. Mantzouridou, Evaluation of safety and quality parameters of persimmon balsamic-type vinegar during multistarter culture fermentation and accelerated aging with oak chips. Food Bioscience, 57, 103526, 2024. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.fbio.2023.103526
  6. T. Li, X. Wang, C. Li, Q. Fu, X. Xu, J. Sun, C. Wang, J. Du, B. Wang and X. Shi, Investigation of microbial succession and volatile compounds dynamics during the fermentation of traditional cereal vinegar in Xinjiang. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 186, 115258, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2023.115 258
  7. T. Zhang, Y. Gong, C. Yang, X. Liu, X. Wang and T. Chen, Biofortification with Aspergillus awamori offers a new strategy to improve the quality of Shanxi aged vinegar. LWT- Food Science and Technology, 192, 115728, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2024.1157 28
  8. C. Padureanu, C.L. Badarau, A. Maier, V. Padureanu, M.I. Lupu, C.M. Canja, G.R. Branescu, O.C. Bujor, F. Matei and M.A. Poiana, Ultrasound treatment influence on antioxidant properties of blueberry vinegar. Fermentation, 9(7), 600, 2023. https://doi.org/10. 3390/fermentation9070600
  9. Expert Market Research, Global vinegar market report. https://www.expertmarketresearch.com/reports/vinegar-market, Accessed 9 February 2024.
  10. F. Visioli, D. Caruso, E. Plasmati, R. Patelli, N. Mulinacci, A. Romani, G. Galli and C. Galli, Hydroxytyrosol, as a component of olive mill waste water, is dose- dependently absorbed and increases the antioxidant capacity of rat plasma. Free Radical Researach, 34, 301-305, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1080 /10715760100300271
  11. J. Balch, and P. Balch, Prescription for Nutritional Healing. Garden City Park, New York: Avery Publishing Group. Castleman, M, 1997.
  12. O. Güney, A. Canbilen, A. Konak and O. Acar, The effects of folic acid in the prevention of neural tube development defects caused by phenytoin in early chick embryos. Spine, 28(5), 442-445, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.BRS.0000048647.17577.13
  13. Y. Taştan and M.O.A. Salem, Use of phytochemicals as feed supplements in aquaculture: A review on their effects on growth, immune response, and antioxidant status of finfish. Journal of Agricultural Production, 2(1), 32-43, 2021. https://doi.org/10.29329/agripro.20 21.344.5
  14. Y. Dündar, Fitokimyasallar ve sağlıklı yaşam. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, 2, 131-138, 2001. https://doi.org/10.18229/ktd.09685
  15. T.F. Slater, Free-radical mechanisms in tissue injury. Biochemical Journal, 222, 1-15, 1984. https://doi.org /10.1042/bj2220001
  16. H. Seifried, D. Anderson, E. Fisher and J. Milner, A review of the interaction among dietary antioxidants and reactive oxygen species. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 18, 567-579, 2007. https://doi.org/10.10 16/j.jnutbio.2006.10.007
  17. X. Li, H. Lei, L. Xie, N. Wang, W. Zhang and R. Cao, Metalloporphyrins as catalytic models for studying hydrogen and oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions. Accounts of Chemical Research, 55(6), 878-892, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.1c007 53
  18. B. Mazlum, Antioxidant vitamins and their use in psychiatry. Current Approaches in Psychiatry 4(4), 486-505, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5455/cap.20120429
  19. A.G.P. Samaranayaka and E.C.Y. Li-Chan, Food-derived peptidic antioxidants: A review of their production, assessment and potential applications. Journal of Functional Foods, 3, 229-254, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2011.05.006
  20. V.L. Singleton and J.A. Rossi, Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16, 144-158, 1965. https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.1965.16.3.144
  21. Y. Li, D. Ma, D. Sun, C. Wang, J. Zhang, Y. Xie and T. Guo, Total phenolic, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of flour, noodles, and steamed bread made from different colored wheat grains by three milling methods. The Crop Journal, 3, 328-334, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2015.04.004
  22. T. Fuleki and F. Francis, Quantitative methods for anthocyanins. Journal of Food Science, 33, 72-77, 1968. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1968.tb008 87.x
  23. I.F.F. Benzie and J.J. Strain, The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: The FRAP assay. Analytical Biochemistry 239, 70–76, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1996.0292
  24. W. Brand-Williams, M. Cuvelier and C. Berset, Use of free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LTW-Food Science and Technology, 28, 25-30, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5
  25. R. Re, N. Pellegrini, A. Proteggente, A. Pannala, M. Yang and C. Rice-Evans, Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26, 1231–1237, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3
  26. M. Kara, A. Assouguem, S. Benmessaoud, M. El Fadili, S. Alshawwa, O. Kamaly, H. Saghrouchni, R. Zerhouni, and J. Bahhou, Contribution to the evaluation of physicochemical properties, total phenolic content, antioxidant potential, and antimicrobial activity of vinegar commercialized in Morocco. Molecules, 27(3), 770, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030770
  27. O.T. Okan, H. Varlıbaş, M. Öz and I. Deniz, Antioksidan analiz yöntemleri ve doğu karadeniz bölgesinde antioksidan kaynağı olarak kullanılabilecek odun dışı bazı bitkisel ürünler. Kastamonu Üni. Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(1), 48-59, 2013.
  28. I.Y. Şengün, G. Kilic and B. Ozturk, Screening physicochemical, microbiological and bioactive properties of fruit vinegars produced from various raw materials. Food Science and Biotechnology, 29(3), 401-408, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-019-00678-6
  29. E. Yıldız, Characterization of fruit vinegars via bioactive and organic acid profile using chemometrics. Foods 12 (20), 3769, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/foo ds12203769
  30. N. Özdemir, H. Pashazadeh, O. Zannou and I. Koca, Phytochemical content, and antioxidant activity, and volatile compounds associated with the aromatic property of the vinegar produced from rosehip fruit (Rosa canina L.). LTW-Food Science and Technology. 154, 112716, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112716
  31. S. Bakır, G. Toydemir, D. Boyacioglu, J. Beekwilder and E. Capanoglu, Fruit antioxidants during vinegar processing: Changes in content and in vitro bio-accessibility. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 17 (10), 1658, 2016. https://doi.org/10.3390 /ijms17101658
  32. H.N. Budak, B.E. Filiz, E.S. Çetin and Ç. Gökırmaklı, Antimicrobial activity of different kinds of traditional vinegar and its relationship with antioxidant properties. The Annals of the University Dunarea De Jos of Galati. Fascicle VI - Food Technology 46 (1), 140-54, 2022. https://doi.org/10.35219/foodtechnology.2022.1.11
  33. H.N. Budak, Alteration of antioxidant activity and total phenolic content during the eight-week fermentation of apple cider vinegar. Horticultural Studies, 38(1), 39-45, 2021. https://doi.org/10.16882/hortis.882469
  34. H.N. Budak and Z.B. Guzel-Seydim, Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of wine vinegars produced by two different techniques. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 90, 2021-2026, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4047
  35. A. Aybek and E. Akkemik, Comparison of traditional Zivzik pomegranate vinegar against commercial pomegranate vinegar: antioxidant activity and chemical composition. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi, 11(3), 178-185, 2022. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.1112619
  36. J.H. Yun, Y.J. Kim and K.H. Koh, Investigation into factors influencing antioxidant capacity of vinegars. Applied Biological Chemistry 59, 495–509, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13765-016-0185-4
  37. N. H., Budak, N. Özdemir and Ç. Gökırmaklı, The changes of physicochemical properties, antioxidants, organic, and key volatile compounds associated with the flavor of peach (Prunus cerasus L. Batsch) vinegar during the fermentation process. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 46, 13978, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1111 /jfbc.13978
  38. D. Karakçı, B. Bakır, N. Seyidoglu and S. Yıkmış, Ultrasound-treated and thermal-pasteurized hawthorn vinegar: Antioxidant and lipid profiles in rats. Nutrients, 15(18), 3933, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/ nu15183933
  39. C.C., Chang, M.H., Yang, H.M. Wen and J.C. Chern, Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 10, 178-182, 2002. https://doi.org/ 10.38212/2224-6614.2748
  40. S. Aydın and C. Demir Gökışık, Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity of home-made Isabella grape (Vitis labrusca L.) vinegar. International Journal of Chemistry and Technology, 3 (1), 1-11, 2019. https://doi.org/10.32571/ijct.471953
  41. H. Pashazadeh, N. Özdemir, O. Zannou and İ. Koca, Antioxidant capacity, phytochemical compounds, and volatile compounds related to aromatic property of vinegar produced from black rosehip (Rosa pimpinellifolia L.) juice. Food Bioscience, 44 (A), 101318, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101 318
  42. G. Toydemir, Bazı siyah üzüm ve nar ürünlerinin antioksidan özelliklerinin incelenmesi. European Journal of Science and Technology, (23), 800-809, 2021. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.918712
  43. Z. Kadas, G.A., Evrendilek and G. Heper, The metabolic effects of hawthorn vinegar in patients with high cardiovascular risk group. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 2, 539-545, 2014. https://doi.org/ 10.12691/jfnr-2-9-2
  44. C. Ubeda, R.M. Callejon, C. Hidalgo, M.J., Torija, A.M. Troncoso and M.L. Morales, Employment of different processes for the production of strawberry vinegars: Effects on antioxidant activity, total phenols and monomeric anthocyanins. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 52 (2), 139-145, 2013. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.lwt.2012.04.021
  45. M. Cruz, A. Correia, F. Gonçalves and A. Jordão, Phenolic composition and total antioxidant capacity analysis of red wine vinegars commercialized in Portuguese market. Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola, 33, 102-115, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1051/ctv/20183302 102
  46. S. Yikmiş, Investigation of the effects of non-thermal, combined and thermal treatments on the physicochemical parameters of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juice. Food Science and Technology Research, 25 (3), 341-350, 2019. https://doi.org/10.31 36/fstr.25.341
  47. F. Song, S. Parekh, L. Hooper, Y.K. Loke, J.J. Ryder, A.J. Sutton, C. Hing, C.S. Kwok, C. Pang and I. Harvey, Dissemination and publication of research findings: an updated review of related biases. Health Technology Assessment, 14(8), 1-193, 2010. https://doi.org/10.3310/hta14080
  48. P.S., Kumar, E. Suresh and K. Kalavathy, Review on a potential herb Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. Br. Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy, 2(2), 135-143, 2013.
  49. R.L., Prior, X. Wu and K. Schaich, Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in foods and dietary supplements. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53, 4290-4303, 2005. https://doi. org/10.1021/jf0502698
  50. H. Kelebek, P. K. Kelebek, N. B. Demircan and S. Selli, Screening of bioactive components in grape and apple vinegar's: Antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. Journal of the Institute of Brewing. 123, 407-416. https://doi.org/10.1002/jib.432
  51. G.B. Özdemir, N. Özdemir, B. Ertekin-Filiz, Ç. Gökırmaklı, T. Kök-Taş and N.H. Budak, Volatile aroma compounds and bioactive compounds of hawthorn vinegar produced from hawthorn fruit (Crataegus tanacetifolia (lam.) pers.). Journal of Food Biochemistry, 46(3), 13676, 2022. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/jfbc.13676
  52. S. Bakir, D. Devecioglu, S. Kayacan, G. Toydemir, F. Karbancioglu-Guler and E. Capanoglu, Investigating the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of different vinegars. European Food Research and Technology, 243(12), 2083-2094, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00 217-017-2908-0
  53. M.B. Hammouda, R. Castro, E. Durán-Guerrero, H. Attia, and S. Azabou, Vinegar production via spontaneous fermentation of different prickly pear fruit matrices: changes in chemical composition and biological activities, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 103, 5221-5230, 2023. https://doi.org/10. 1002/jsfa.12605
  54. Q. Xu, W. Tao and Z. Ao, Antioxidant activity of vinegar melanoidins, Food Chemistry, 102, 841–849, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.06.013
  55. V.L. Singleton and J.A. Rossi, Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16, 144-158, 1965. https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.1965.16.3.144
  56. N. Özdemir, H. Pashazadeh, O. Zannou and I. Koca, Phytochemical content, and antioxidant activity, and volatile compounds associated with the aromatic property of the vinegar produced from rosehip fruit (Rosa canina L.). LTW-Food Science and Technology. 154, 112716, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112716