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Journals / Meandros Medical And Dental Journal / 2026 / Volume: 27 Issue: 3

Effects of Sintering Protocol and Er:YAG Laser Application Mode on the Bond Strength of Monolithic Zirconia

Sinterleme Protokolünün ve Er:YAG Lazer Uygulama Modunun Monolitik Zirkonya Bağ Dayanımına Etkileri

Merve Haberal(Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Restoratif Diş Tedavisi Anabilim Dalı)0000-0003-2804-0947
Hasibe Sevilay Bahadır(ANKARA YILDIRIM BEYAZIT ÜNİVERSİTESİ, DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0001-8577-4408
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-09-24
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Slight-contact Er:YAG laser irradiation may improve bonding performance, particularly under rapid sintering conditions.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: To evaluate the combined effects of slow and rapid sintering protocols and Er:YAG laser application modes (non-contact and slight-contact) at different power settings on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of monolithic 5Y-TZP zirconia to resin cement.
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Key Findings & Data:Materials and Methods: Eighty rectangular 5Y-TZP zirconia specimens were fabricated and randomly assigned to two sintering protocols: slow and rapid (n = 40 each).
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Conclusion & Impact:Slight-contact Er:YAG laser irradiation may improve bonding performance, particularly under rapid sintering conditions.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Adhesion · Lasers · Sintering

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the combined effects of slow and rapid sintering protocols and Er:YAG laser application modes (non-contact and slight-contact) at different power settings on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of monolithic 5Y-TZP zirconia to resin cement. Materials and Methods: Eighty rectangular 5Y-TZP zirconia specimens were fabricated and randomly assigned to two sintering protocols: slow and rapid (n = 40 each). Specimens were further subdivided into five surface treatment groups (n = 8): control, 3 W non-contact, 5 W non-contact, 3 W slight-contact, and 5 W slight-contact Er:YAG laser irradiation. Following surface treatment, a 10-MDP-containing universal adhesive was applied, and composite resin cylinders were bonded. μSBS testing was performed using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests (α = 0.05). Results: Both sintering protocol (p < 0.001) and surface treatment procedure (p < 0.001) significantly influenced bond strength, whereas their interaction was not significant (p = 0.758). Rapid sintering yielded significantly higher μSBS values than slow sintering. The highest bond strength was observed in the 5 W slight-contact laser group following rapid sintering (156.2 ± 10.5 MPa), whereas the lowest values were recorded in the 3 W non-contact laser group with slow sintering (85.42 ± 4.5 MPa). The 5 W slight-contact laser group showed the highest bond strength among surface-treatment groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Both sintering protocol and laser application mode significantly affect zirconia-resin bond strength. Slight-contact Er:YAG laser irradiation may improve bonding performance, particularly under rapid sintering conditions.

Özet

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, yavaş ve hızlı sinterleme protokollerinin ve farklı güç ayarlarında uygulanan Er:YAG lazer uygulama modlarının (temassız ve hafif temaslı) monolitik 5Y-TZP zirkonyanın rezin simana olan mikro-makaslama bağlanma dayanımı (μSBS) üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Seksen adet dikdörtgen 5Y-TZP zirkonya örneği hazırlanmış ve rastgele iki sinterleme protokolüne ayrılmıştır: yavaş ve hızlı sinterleme (her biri n = 40). Örnekler ayrıca beş yüzey işlemi grubuna ayrılmıştır (n = 8): kontrol, 3 W temassız, 5 W temassız, 3 W hafif temaslı ve 5 W hafif temaslı Er:YAG lazer ışınlaması. Yüzey işlemlerinden sonra 10-MDP içeren üniversal adeziv uygulanmış ve kompozit rezin silindirler bağlanmıştır. μSBS testi üniversal test cihazı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler iki yönlü ANOVA ve Bonferroni post hoc testleri ile analiz edilmiştir (α = 0,05). Bulgular: Hem sinterleme protokolü (p < 0,001) hem de yüzey işlemi (p < 0,001) bağlanma dayanımını anlamlı şekilde etkilemiştir; ancak iki faktör arasındaki etkileşim anlamlı bulunmamıştır (p = 0,758). Hızlı sinterleme, yavaş sinterlemeye kıyasla daha yüksek μSBS değerleri göstermiştir. En yüksek bağlanma dayanımı hızlı sinterleme sonrası 5 W hafif temaslı lazer grubunda gözlenmiştir (156,2 ± 10,5 MPa), en düşük değerler ise yavaş sinterleme ile 3 W temassız lazer grubunda kaydedilmiştir (85,42 ± 4,5 MPa). 5 W hafif temaslı lazer grubu, tüm yüzey işlem grupları arasında en yüksek bağlanma dayanımı değerlerini göstermiştir (p < 0,05). Sonuç: Hem sinterleme protokolü hem de lazer uygulama modu, zirkonya-rezin bağ dayanımını önemli ölçüde etkiler. Hafif temaslı Er:YAG lazer ışınlaması, özellikle hızlı sinterleme koşullarında, bağ performansını iyileştirebilir.

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Cite This Article

Haberal, M., Bahadır, H. S. (2026). Effects of Sintering Protocol and Er:YAG Laser Application Mode on the Bond Strength of Monolithic Zirconia. Meandros Medical And Dental Journal, Volume: 27 Issue: 3. https://doi.org/10.69601/meandrosmdj.1897613

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