Journals / Marmara Medical Journal / 2026 / Volume: 29 Issue: 2 Special Issue

Immune mechanisms in chronic viral hepatitis

Pages
—
Publication Date
2016-08-01
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Hereby, we present theimmune mechanisms and immunopathogenesis involved inchronic viral hepatitis.Keywords: HBV, HCV, Innate immunity, Adaptiveimmunity

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) arethe major causes of chronic liver inflammation worldwide.Although both viruses induce immune-mediated acute andchronic inflammatory liver diseases, the natural history andoutcome of HBV and HCV infections are different.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Thisis because of both viruses and host features, like genetic,immunologic and environmental.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Hereby, we present theimmune mechanisms and immunopathogenesis involved inchronic viral hepatitis.Keywords: HBV, HCV, Innate immunity, Adaptiveimmunity
🔬Design:Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) arethe major causes of chronic liver inflammation worldwide.Although both viruses induce immune-mediated acute andchronic inflammatory liver diseases, the natural history andoutcome of HBV and HCV infections are different. Thisis because of both viruses and host features, like genetic,immunologic and environmental. Hereby, we present theimmune mechanisms and immunopathogenesis involved inchronic viral hepatitis.Keywords: HBV, HCV, Innate immunity, Adaptiveimmunity

Özet

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) arethe major causes of chronic liver inflammation worldwide.Although both viruses induce immune-mediated acute andchronic inflammatory liver diseases, the natural history andoutcome of HBV and HCV infections are different. Thisis because of both viruses and host features, like genetic,immunologic and environmental. Hereby, we present theimmune mechanisms and immunopathogenesis involved inchronic viral hepatitis.Keywords: HBV, HCV, Innate immunity, Adaptiveimmunity

🔖

Cite This Article

Özdemir, F. T. (2016). Immune mechanisms in chronic viral hepatitis. Marmara Medical Journal, Volume: 29 Issue: 2 Special Issue. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.5472/MMJsi.2901.02

References (112)

  1. Lok AS, McMahon BJ. Chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology
  2. 1225–41.
  3. Ganem D, Prince AM. Hepatitis B virus infection – natural
  4. history and clinical consequences. N Engl J Med 2004; 350
  5. Guidotti LG, Rochford R,Chung J, Shapiro M, Purcell R
  6. Chisari FV. Viral clearance without destruction of infected
  7. cells during acute HBV infection. Science 1999; 284: 825–9.
  8. Rosenberg W. Mechanisms of immune escape in viral
  9. hepatitis. Gut 1999; 44: 759–64.
  10. McClary H, Koch R, Chisari FV, Guidotti LG. Relative
  11. sensitivity of hepatitis B virus and other hepatotropic viruses
  12. to the antiviral effects of cytokines. J. Virol 2000; 74: 2255–
  13. Wieland S F, Guidotti LG,M Chisari FV. Intrahepatic
  14. induction of α/β interferon eliminates viral RNA-containing
  15. capsids in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice. J. Virol 2000
  16. 4165–73.
  17. Robek MD, Wieland SF, Chisari FV. Inhibition of hepatitis
  18. B virus replication by interferon requires proteasome activity.
  19. J. Virol 2002; 76: 3570–4.
  20. Kakimi K, Lane E, Chisari FV, Guidotti LG. Inhibition of
  21. hepatitis B virus replication by activated NK T cells does not
  22. require inflammatory cell recruitment to the liver. J Immunol
  23. 6701–5.
  24. Baron JL, Gardiner L, Nishimura S, Shinkai K, Locksley
  25. R, Ganem D. Activation of a nonclassical NKT cell subset
  26. in a transgenic mouse model of hepatitis B virus infection.
  27. Immunity 2002; 16: 583–94.
  28. Guidotti LG, Ishikawa T, Hobbs MV, Matzke B, Schreiber R
  29. Chisari FV. Intracellular inactivation of the hepatitis B virus
  30. by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Immunity 1996; 4: 35-6.
  31. Guidotti LG, Isogawa M, Chisari FV. Host–virus interactions
  32. in hepatitis B virus infection. Current Opinion in Immunology
  33. 61–6.
  34. Schurich A, Khanna P, Lopes AR, et al. Role of the
  35. coinhibitory receptor cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 on
  36. apoptosis-Prone CD8 T cells in persistent hepatitis B virus
  37. infection. Hepatology 2011; 53: 1494-503.
  38. Nebbia G, Peppa D, Schurich A, et al. Upregulation of the
  39. Tim-3/galectin-9 pathway of T cell exhaustion in chronic
  40. hepatitis B virus infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47648.
  41. Ferrari C. HBV and the immune response. Liver Int 2015
  42. (Suppl. 1): 121-8.
  43. Billerbeck E, Bottler T, Thimme R. Regulatory T cells in
  44. viral hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13: 4858-64.
  45. Pallett LJ, Gill US, Quaglia A, et al. Metabolic regulation of
  46. hepatitis B immunopathology by myeloid-derived suppressor
  47. cells. Nat Med 2015; 21: 591-600.
  48. Das A, Ellis G, Pallant C, et al. IL-10-producing regulatory B
  49. cells in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B virus infection.J Immunol 2012; 189: 3925-35.
  50. Dustin LB, Rice CM. Flying under the radar: The
  51. immunobiology of hepatitis C. Ann Rev Immunol 2007; 25
  52. Smith DB, Bukh J, Kuiken C, etal. Expanded classification of
  53. hepatitis C virus into 7 genotypes and 67 subtypes: updated
  54. criteria and genotype as signment web resource. Hepatology
  55. Helle F, Dubuisson J. Hepatitis C virus entry into host cells.
  56. Cell Mol Life Sci 2008; 65: 100-12.
  57. Von Hahn T, Rice CM. Hepatitis C virus entry. J Biol Chem
  58. Missale G, Bertoni R, Lamonaca V, et al. Different clinical
  59. behaviors of acute hepatitis C virus infection are associated
  60. with different vigor of the anti-viral cell-mediated immune
  61. response. J Clin Invest 1996; 98: 706-14.
  62. Tsai SL, Liaw YF, Chen MH, et al. Detection of type 2-like
  63. T-helper cells in hepatitis C virus infection: implications for
  64. hepatitis C virus chronicity. Hepatology 1997; 25: 449-58.
  65. Kaneko T, Moriyama T, Udaka K, et al. Impaired induction
  66. of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by antagonism of a weak agonist
  67. borne by a variant hepatitis C virus epitope. Eur J Immunol
  68. Hoffmann RM, Diepolder HM, Zachoval R, et al. Mapping of
  69. immunodominant CD4+ T lymphocyte epitopes of hepatitis
  70. C virus antigens and their relevance during the course of
  71. chronic infection. Hepatology 1995; 21: 632-8.
  72. Diepolder HM, Gerlach JT, Zachoval R, et al.
  73. Immunodominant CD4+ T-cell epitope within nonstructural
  74. protein 3 in acute hepatitis C virus infection. J Virol 1997
  75. 6011–19.
  76. Koziel MJ, Walker BD. Characteristics of the intrahepatic
  77. cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in chronic hepatitis C virus
  78. infection. Springer Semin Immunopathol 1997; 19: 69–83.
  79. Wong DK, Dudley DD, Afdhal NH, et al. Liver-derived
  80. CTL in hepatitis C virus infection: breadth and specificity
  81. of responses in a cohort of persons with chronic infection. J
  82. Immunol 1998; 160: 1479–88.
  83. Cashman SB, Marsden BD, Dustin LB. The humoral
  84. immune response to HCV: understanding is key to vaccine
  85. development. Front Immunol. 2014; 5: 550.
  86. Rehermann B. Hepatitis C virus versus innate and adaptive
  87. immune responses: a tale of coevolution and coexistence. J
  88. Clin Invest 2009; 119: 1745-54.
  89. Cella M, Jarrossay D, Facchetti F, et al. Plasmacytoid
  90. monocytes migrate to inflamed lymph nodes and produce
  91. large amounts of type I interferon. Nat Med 1999; 5: 919-23.
  92. Khakoo SI, Thio CL, Martin MP, et al. HLA and NK cell
  93. inhibitory receptor genes in resolving hepatitis C virus
  94. infection. Science 2004; 305: 872-4.
  95. Jinushi M, Takehara T, Tatsumi T, et al. Negative regulation of
  96. NK cell activities by inhibitory receptor CD94/NKG2Aleads
  97. to altered NK cell-induced modulation of dendritic cell
  98. functions in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J. Immunol.
  99. Shimakami T, Yamane D, Jangra RK, et al. Stabilization of
  100. hepatitis C virus RNA by an Ago2-miR-122 complex. Proc
  101. Natl Acad Sci USA 2012; 109: 941-6.
  102. Chen Y, Chen J, Wang H, et al. HCV-induced miR-21
  103. contributes to evasion of host immune system by targeting
  104. MyD88 and IRAK1. PloS Pathog 2013; 9: e1003248.
  105. Park SH, Rehermann B. Immune response to HCV and other
  106. hepatitis viruses. Immunity 2014; 40; 13-24.
  107. Heim MH, Thimme R. Innate and adaptive immune responses
  108. in HCV infections. J Hepatol 2014; 61:14-25.
  109. Mehta SH, Cox A, Hoover DR, et al. Protection against
  110. persistence of hepatitis C. Lancet 2002; 359: 1478-83.
  111. Abdel-Hakeem MS, Shoukry NH. Protective immunity
  112. against hepatitis C many shades