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Journals / Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi / 2026 / Volume: 26

Determination of Biological Activities of Encapsulated Bee Venom

Şaban Keskin(BİLECİK ŞEYH EDEBALİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-0287-4268
Sinan Bayram(BAYBURT UNIVERSITY, BAYBURT HEALTH SERVICES VOCATIONAL SCHOOL)0000-0002-2156-1566
Merve Keskin(BİLECİK ŞEYH EDEBALİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİ MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU)0000-0001-9365-334X
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-08-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

It was found that chitosan had a 91% encapsulation efficiency for bee venom.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Bee venom is an important bee product used directly in apitherapy applications.
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Key Findings & Data:Furthermore, bee venom that is not produced and stored under optimal conditions deteriorates rapidly.
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Conclusion & Impact:It was found that chitosan had a 91% encapsulation efficiency for bee venom.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Antimicrobial activity · Bee venom · Encapsulation

Abstract

Bee venom is an important bee product used directly in apitherapy applications. Once harvested, bee venom crystallizes rapidly upon contact with air. Furthermore, bee venom that is not produced and stored under optimal conditions deteriorates rapidly. For this reason, there is a need for new methods that can extend the shelf life of bee venom. Encapsulation techniques are widely used to extend the shelf life of bioactive components by immobilizing them within a biocompatible biopolymer. In this study, the potential of encapsulating bee venom using ionic gelation with chitosan, a biocompatible polymer, was investigated. It was found that chitosan had a 91% encapsulation efficiency for bee venom. It has been determined that bee venom inhibits the acetylcholinesterase enzyme by 84%±2.1, whilst its total protein content is 64.2%±1.8. The antimicrobial activity of the encapsulated bee venom was evaluated against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis. The inhibition zones ranged from 11 to 12 mm. The results showed that the encapsulated bee venom retained its biological activity without significant loss.

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Cite This Article

Keskin, Ş., Bayram, S., Keskin, M. (2026). Determination of Biological Activities of Encapsulated Bee Venom. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi, Volume: 26. https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.1933631

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