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Journals / Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry / 2026 / Volume: 54 Issue: 3

Development of κ -Carrageenan Based Triple Network Hydrogels with Self-Healing Property

Kendi Kendini İyileştirebilen κ-Karragenan Esaslı Üçlü Ağ Yapılı Hidrojellerin Geliştirilmesi

Batuhan Nuray(BURSA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY)0009-0008-1345-3363
Emel Tamahkar Irmak(BURSA TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-5913-8333
Ecem Çiçek Kocabaş(BURSA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-3514-5149
Aleyna Tuğçe Efecan(BURSA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY)0009-0005-6703-076X
Elife Kıldalı(BURSA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-0483-4363
Gökçe Taner(BURSA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-0290-1166
Bengi Özkahraman(HITIT UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-1535-4381
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-06-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

TN hydrogel showed high swelling capacity (240%) and assessed as not cytotoxic against fibroblast cells yielding a novel self-healing hydrogel for biomedical applications.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:In this work, self-healing triple network (TN) hydrogels were synthesized via one pot synthesis using κ-Carrageenan (Car), polyacrylamide (PAAm) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
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Key Findings & Data:The composition having Car; 0.1 g; AAm; 0.1 g and CaCl2: 0.5% displayed the best self-healing property.
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Conclusion & Impact:TN hydrogel showed high swelling capacity (240%) and assessed as not cytotoxic against fibroblast cells yielding a novel self-healing hydrogel for biomedical applications.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Hydrogel · Self-Healing · κ-Carrageenan

Abstract

In this work, self-healing triple network (TN) hydrogels were synthesized via one pot synthesis using κ-Carrageenan (Car), polyacrylamide (PAAm) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). TN hydrogels were optimized with their self-healing ability bearing dynamic reversible non-covalent bonds such as hydrogen and metal-coordination. TN hydrogels were physically crosslinked via calcium ions during and after the preparation steps. The self-healing property of the TN hydrogels was determined by macroscopic observation at room temperature. The composition having Car; 0.1 g; AAm; 0.1 g and CaCl2: 0.5% displayed the best self-healing property. The chemical and morphological structure of TN hydrogel was characterized with FTIR and SEM measurements respectively. Moreover, cytotoxicity of different Car concentrations and cytocompatibility of best TN hydrogels were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in L929 (mouse fibroblasts) cell lines. TN hydrogel showed high swelling capacity (240%) and assessed as not cytotoxic against fibroblast cells yielding a novel self-healing hydrogel for biomedical applications.

Özet

Bu çalışmada, kendini onarabilen üçlü ağ (TN) hidrojelleri, κ-karragenan (Car), poliakrilamid (PAAm) ve polivinil alkol (PVA) kullanılarak tek kap (one-pot) sentez yöntemiyle hazırlanmıştır. TN hidrojelleri, hidrojen bağları ve metal-koordinasyonu gibi dinamik ve geri dönüşümlü kovalent olmayan bağlar içeren kendini onarma özellikleri açısından optimize edilmiştir. TN hidrojelleri, hazırlık süreci sırasında ve sonrasında kalsiyum iyonları aracılığıyla fiziksel olarak çapraz bağlanmıştır. Hidrojellerin kendini onarma özelliği, oda sıcaklığında makroskobik gözlemlerle değerlendirilmiştir. Car: 0,1 g; AAm: 0,1 g ve CaCl₂: %0,5 içeren kompozisyonun en iyi kendini onarma özelliğini sergilediği belirlenmiştir. TN hidrojelin kimyasal ve morfolojik yapısı sırasıyla FTIR ve SEM analizleri ile karakterize edilmiştir. Ayrıca, farklı Car konsantrasyonlarının sitotoksisitesi ve en iyi TN hidrojelin sitouyumluluğu, L929 (fare fibroblast) hücre hatlarında 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolyum bromür (MTT) testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. TN hidrojelin yüksek şişme kapasitesine (%240) sahip olduğu ve fibroblast hücrelerine karşı sitotoksik olmadığı belirlenmiş olup, bu sonuçlar biyomedikal uygulamalar için yeni bir kendini onarabilen hidrojel geliştirilmiş olduğunu göstermektedir.

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Cite This Article

Nuray, B., Irmak, E. T., Kocabaş, E. Ç., Efecan, A. T., Kıldalı, E., Taner, G., Özkahraman, B. (2026). Development of κ -Carrageenan Based Triple Network Hydrogels with Self-Healing Property. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, Volume: 54 Issue: 3. https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.1860005

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