SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Fırat Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 38 Sayı: 2

Stress and Strain-Life Approaches for the Fatigue Analysis of an Aluminum Matrix Composite Plate

Bir Alüminyum Matris Kompozit Plakanın Yorulma Analizi İçin Gerilme ve Gerinim Ömrü Yaklaşımları

Mehmet Nurullah Balci(HACETTEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ, MAKİNE MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ, MAKİNE MÜHENDİSLİĞİ PR. (İNGİLİZCE))0000-0002-4416-6761
Pages
783–795
Publication Date
2026-09-30
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Therefore, the significance of strain life approach considering the effect of plastic deformation in fatigue life calculations for AMC material is emphasized.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Aluminum matrix composites (AMC) have recently been used in engineering applications such as aerospace, automotive and energy.
📊
Key Findings & Data:A computational approach was developed to predict the fatigue life of AA2009-silicon carbide (SiC)p aluminum matrix composites (AMCs), consisting of an AA2009 aluminum matrix reinforced with silicon carbide particles, using ANSYS Workbench 2020 R2 Static Structural, a general-purpose finite element software.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Therefore, the significance of strain life approach considering the effect of plastic deformation in fatigue life calculations for AMC material is emphasized.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:2020 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Alüminyum Matris Kompozit (AMK) · Gerinim ömrü metodu · Gerilme ömrü metodu

Abstract

Aluminum matrix composites (AMC) have recently been used in engineering applications such as aerospace, automotive and energy. A computational approach was developed to predict the fatigue life of AA2009-silicon carbide (SiC)p aluminum matrix composites (AMCs), consisting of an AA2009 aluminum matrix reinforced with silicon carbide particles, using ANSYS Workbench 2020 R2 Static Structural, a general-purpose finite element software. AMC plate was discretized using 3D hexahedron elements and mesh independence study was carried out to determine the FEM model to be utilized considering a balance between accuracy and computation time. Equivalent von-Mises stresses around the hole were calculated and the critical point was determined. Fatigue life of plate was calculated based on stress and strain life methods, and obtained computational results were compared with results obtained from analytical formulations. It was observed that both results agree very well, which indicated the accuracy of the developed computational model. Fatigue life of the plate was calculated with respect to increasing horizontal load, and different fatigue life curves were generated under different load combinations as functions of load directionality (k1), bending moment directionality (k2) and stress ratios (R). The fatigue life behavior of AMC was assessed based on stress life and strain life approaches under progressively increasing horizontal load levels and various load combinations. At higher load levels, the strain life approach predicted a longer fatigue life due to its ability to account for the effects of plastic deformation and strain hardening in the (SiC)p reinforced aluminum matrix however, the stress life approach does not capture these effects, resulting in shorter fatigue lives. The low values of the load directionality (k1) and moment directionality (k2), together with a stress ratio (R) of -1, result in differences exceeding 90% in fatigue life predictions obtained using stress life and strain life methods. Therefore, the significance of strain life approach considering the effect of plastic deformation in fatigue life calculations for AMC material is emphasized.

Özet

Alüminyum matris kompozitler (AMK) son zamanlarda havacılık, otomotiv ve enerji gibi mühendislik uygulamalarında kullanılmaktadır. Alüminyum AA2009 ve silisyum karbür partikülden yapılmış AA2009-silisyum karbür (SiC)p AMK’nin yorulma ömrünü tahmin etmek için genel amaçlı bir sonlu elemanlar analiz yazılımı olan ANSYS Workbench 2020 R2 Static Structural kullanılarak hesaplamalı bir yaklaşım geliştirilmiştir. AMK plaka, 3-boyutlu hekzahedron elemanlar kullanılarak ayrıklaştırılmıştır ve doğruluk ve hesaplama süresi arasında bir denge göz önünde bulundurularak kullanılacak Sonlu Elemanlar Metodu (SEM) modelini belirlemek için ağ bağımsızlığı çalışması yapılmıştır. Delik etrafındaki eşdeğer von-Mises gerilmeleri hesaplanmış ve kritik nokta belirlenmiştir. Gerilme ve gerinim ömrü yöntemlerine dayalı olarak plakanın yorulma ömrü hesaplanmış ve elde edilen hesaplamalı sonuçlar analitik formülasyonlardan elde edilen sonuçlar ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Her iki sonucun da çok iyi uyum sağladığı gözlemlenmiş, bu da geliştirilen hesaplamalı modelin doğruluğunu göstermektedir. Plakanın yorulma ömrü, artan yatay yüke göre hesaplanmış ve farklı yük kombinasyonları altında yük yönlülüğü (k1), eğilme momenti yönlülüğü (k2) ve gerilme oranlarının (R) fonksiyonları olarak farklı yorulma ömrü eğrileri oluşturulmuştur. AMK malzemelerin yorulma ömrü davranışı artan yatay yük seviyeleri ve farklı yük koşulları için gerilme ve gerinim ömrü yaklaşımları ile belirlenmiştir. Artan yük seviyelerinde (SiC)p takviyeli alüminyum matriste plastik deformasyon ve gerinim sertleşmesi etkileri gerinim ömrü yaklaşımına göre daha fazla yorulma ömrü döngüsü elde edilmesini sağlarken, gerilme ömrü yaklaşımında bu etkiler dikkate alınmadığı için yorulma ömründe daha az ömür döngüsü elde edilmiştir. Yük yönlülüğü (k1) ve moment yönlülüğü (k2) değerinin küçük seviyede olması ile gerilme oranı (R) değerinin -1 olması gerilme ve gerinim ömrü metotları ile hesaplanan ömür tahminlerinde 90% üzerinde farklar oluşturur. Bu nedenle, AMK malzemeler için yorulma ömrü hesaplamalarında plastik deformasyon etkisini dikkate alan gerinim ömrü yaklaşımının önemi vurgulanmıştır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Balci, M. N. (2026). Stress and Strain-Life Approaches for the Fatigue Analysis of an Aluminum Matrix Composite Plate. Fırat Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 38 Sayı: 2, 783–795. https://doi.org/10.35234/fumbd.1852316

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (42)

  1. Mc Nutt M. Climate change impacts. Science 2013; 341, 435. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1243256
  2. Pollock TM. Weight loss with Magnesium Alloys. Science 2010; 328: 986-987. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1182848
  3. Srivatsan TS, Al-Hajri, Vasudevan VK, Smith C, Petraroli M. The tensile response and fracture behavior of 2009 aluminum alloy metal matrix composite. Mater Sci Eng A 2003; 346: 91–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00481-1
  4. Srivatsan TS., Sudarshan TS., Lavernia EJ. Processing of discontinuously-reinforced metal matrix composites by rapid solidification. Prog Mater Sci 1995; 39: 317-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6425(95)00003-8
  5. Lewandowski JJ. in: TW. Clyne (Ed.) Metal Matrix Composites, vol. 3, Elsevier Publishers, 2000, pp. 151-187.
  6. Lloyd DJ. Particle Reinforced Aluminium and Magnesium Matrix Composites. Int Mater Rev 1994; 39, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1179/imr.1994.39.1.1
  7. Clyne TW, Withers PJ. An Introduction to Metal Matrix Composites, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1993.
  8. Macke A, Schultz BF, Rohatgi PK, Gupta N. Metal matrix composites for automotive applications. In: Elmarakbi A, editor. Advanced composite materials for automotive applications: structural integrity and crashworthiness. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118535288
  9. Cha V, Chattopadhyay H, Dora TL. A review on fabrication methods, reinforcements and mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites, J Manuf Process 2020; 56: 1059-1074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.05.042
  10. Kumar A, Singh VP, Singh RC, Chaudhary R et al. A review of aluminum metal matrix composites: fabrication route, reinforcements, microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion properties. J Mater Sci 2024; 59: 2644-2711. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-024-09398-7
  11. Hall JN, Jones JW, Sachdew AK. Particle size, volume fraction and matrix strength effects on fatigue behavior and particle fracture in 2124 aluminum- SiCp composites. Mater Sci Eng A 1994; A183: 69-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(94)90891-5
  12. Logston WA, Liaw PK. Tensile, Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Properties of Silicon Carbide Whisker and Particulate Reinforced Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites. Eng Fract Mech 1986; 24(5): 737—751. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(86)90246-8
  13. Subramarian S, Sendrayan V, Pachaiyappan K et al., Examining the Mechanical Properties of Al-SiC Metal Matrix Composites Produced Using the Stir Casting Method. Turkish Journal of Engineering (TUJE) 2025; 9(1): 21-27. https://doi.org/10.31127/tuje.1497334
  14. Rahman MH, Al Rashed HMM, Characterization of silicon carbide reinforced aluminum matrix composites, 10th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering ICME2013 in Procedia Engineering, 2014; 90: 103-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.821
  15. Ye T, Xu Y, Ren J. Effects of SiC particle size on mechanical properties of SiC particle reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites. Mater Sci Eng A 2019; A753, 146-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.03.037
  16. Srivatsan TS, Prakash A. Effect of particulate silicon carbide on cyclic strain resistance and fracture behavior of X2080 aluminum alloy metal matrix composites. Eng Fract Mech 1994; 49(5): 751–772. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(94)90038-8.
  17. Srivatsan TS, Al-Hajri M, Vasudevan VK. Cyclic plastic strain response and fracture behavior of 2009 aluminum alloy metal-matrix composite. Int J Fatigue 2005; 27: 357–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2004.08.009.
  18. Uygur I, Kulekcı MK. Low cycle fatigue properties of 2124/SiCp Al-alloy composites. Turkish J Eng Env Sci 2002; 26: 265–274.
  19. Gasem ZM, Ali SS. Low-cycle fatigue behavior of powder metallurgy 6061 aluminum alloy reinforced with submicron-scale Al2O3 particles. Mater Sci Eng A 2013; 562: 109–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2012.10.097.
  20. Bonnen JJ, Allison JE, Jones JW. Fatigue Behavior of a 2XXX Series Aluminum alloy Reinforced with 15 vol Pct SiCp. Metall Trans A 1991; 22A: 1007–1019. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02661094.
  21. Kumai SS, King JE, Knott JF, Fatigue in SiC particulate-reinforced aluminium alloy composites. Mater Sci Eng A 1991; 146(1-2): 317-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(91)90285-U.
  22. Kurek A, Kurek M, Lagoda T. Stress-Life Curve for High and Low Cycle Fatigue. J Theor Appl Mechanics 2019; 57(3): 677-684. https://doi.org/10.15632/jtam-pl/110126
  23. Laillet E. Aluminium Alloy MMC 2009- 15% SiCp High Fatigue Performances Aluminium Alloy For Helicopters Application, 47th European Rotorcraft Forum; 7-9 September 2009; UK.
  24. Luk MJ, Mirza FA, Chen DL, Ni DR, Xiao BL, Ma ZY. Low cycle fatigue of SiCp reinforced AA2009 composites. Mater Des 2015; 66(A): 274-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.10.070.
  25. Ni DR, Chen DL, Xiao BL, Wang D, Ma, ZY. Residual stresses and high cycle fatigue properties of friction stir welded SiCp/AA2009 composites. Int J Fatigue 2013; 55: 64-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2013.05.010
  26. Mughrabi H. Some Aspects of Fatigue of Engineering Materials. In: European Structural Integrity Society. Elsevier, 2000. p. 13-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1566-1369(00)80040-0.
  27. He Y, Gu H, Wang T, Tao K, Qian S, He X, Cao Y, Lu H. The low-cycle fatigue performance aluminum matrix composites reinforced with particles AlFeCrMnTi and SiC that are extruded by equal-channel angular pressing. Mater. Today Commun. 2025; 44: 111782 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2025.111782
  28. Ugural AC. Mechanical Design of Machine Components, 2nd Ed. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group LLC, 2015.
  29. Budynas RG, Nisbett JK. Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design. 10th Ed. 2 Penn Plaza, New York, Mc-Graw Hill Education, 2015.
  30. Sadd M. Two-dimensional formulation. In Elasticity: Theory, applications, and numerics, 4th ed., pp. 139–175. Academic Press, 2021.
  31. Landgraf RW. Cyclic Deformation and Fatigue Behavior of Hardened Steels, Report no. 320, Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, University of Illinois, Urbana, 1968, pp. 84-90
  32. Technical Report on Fatigue Properties, SAE J1099, 1975.
  33. Dowling NE. Mean stress effects in strain-life fatigue. Fatigue Fract. Engn. Mater. Struct. 2009; 32: 1004-1019. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.2009.01404.x
  34. Socie DF, Morrow J. Review of contemporary approaches to fatigue damage analysis. In: Risk and Failure Analysis for Improved Performance and Reliability (Edited by JJ Burke & V. Weiss), Plenum Pub. Corp., New York, NY, 141-194, 1980.
  35. Cui WC. A state-of-the-art review on fatigue life prediction methods for metal structures. J. Mar. Sci. Technol. 2002; 7: 43-56.
  36. Wang QY, Li T, Zeng XG. Gigacycle Fatigue Behavior of High Strength Aluminum Alloys, Fatigue 2010 in Procedia Engineering 2010; 2: 65-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2010.03.007
  37. Junior RCSF, Belisio AS. Probabilistic S-N curves using exponential and power laws equations. Compos B 2014; 56: 582-590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.08.036
  38. ANSYS, Inc. ANSYS Workbench, Release 2020 R2, Canonsburg, PA, USA.
  39. The Mathworks, Inc. MATLAB R2018b, The Mathworks, Inc. Natick, MA, USA, 2018.
  40. Ding HZ, Biermann H, Hartmann O. A low cycle fatigue model of a short-fibre reinforced 6061 aluminium alloy metal matrix composite. Composite Science and Technology 2002; 62(16): 2189-2199 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(02)00160-4.
  41. Manson SS, Halford GR. Fatigue and Durability of Structural Materials. ASM International. In. Chapter 3 Fatigue Life Relations, 45-73, 2006.
  42. Tridello A, Niutta CB, Rossetto M, Berto F, Paolino DS. Fatigue Design Curves for Industrial Applications: A Review. Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. 2025; 48: 1001-1021. https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.14545