SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3

Law, legitimacy, morality and conscience in the fight against terrorism: A normative analysis from a human rights perspective

Terörizmle mücadelede hukuk, meşruiyet, ahlak ve vicdan: İnsan hakları perspektifinden normatif bir analiz

Mehmet Murat Payam(ADIYAMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-5638-7414
Pages
1109–1128
Publication Date
2026-09-26
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

It is thought that this research will make an important contribution to the field with clear and feasible policy recommendations in the context of a more legitimate, moral and conscientious conduct of counter-terrorism by adhering to universally accepted principles.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:States must confront and effectively combat terrorism, poses a serious threat to peace, tranquillity and well-being.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Thus, no terrorist activity is legitimate, yet combatting terrorism must be ‘legitimate’.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:It is thought that this research will make an important contribution to the field with clear and feasible policy recommendations in the context of a more legitimate, moral and conscientious conduct of counter-terrorism by adhering to universally accepted principles.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Terörizmle mücadele · Hukukilik · Meşruiyet

Abstract

States must confront and effectively combat terrorism, poses a serious threat to peace, tranquillity and well-being. Thus, no terrorist activity is legitimate, yet combatting terrorism must be ‘legitimate’. Although the first condition of legitimacy is ‘legality’, it is clear that the counter-terrorism must also be ‘moral’ and ‘conscientious’. This research aims to examine the normative framework of counter-terrorism policies from the perspective of human rights and legality. The subject of this research is current, important, and interdisciplinary. In this research, answers are sought to the questions of what are the vital human rights concerns that states should take seriously to ensure that their counter-terrorism is carried out within this framework, and how to address these concerns. In this context, literature review and document analysis methods were used. The results present a multi-dimensional evaluation of counter-terrorism policies based on law, legitimacy, morality, and conscience. It is clear that combating terrorism without respecting human rights cannot be effective or legitimate. It is thought that this research will make an important contribution to the field with clear and feasible policy recommendations in the context of a more legitimate, moral and conscientious conduct of counter-terrorism by adhering to universally accepted principles.

Özet

Devletlerin, huzur, barış ve esenliği ciddi bir şekilde tehdit eden terörizmle yüzleşmesi ve etkin mücadele etmesi gerekir. Bu açıdan, hiçbir terör faaliyeti meşru değildir, buna rağmen terörizmle mücadele ‘meşru’ olmalıdır. Bu mücadelede meşruiyetin ilk şartı, ‘hukukilik’ olmakla birlikte mücadelenin ‘ahlaki’ ve ‘vicdani’ de olması gerektiği açıktır. Bu araştırma, terörle mücadele politikalarının insan hakları ve hukukilik açısından normatif çerçevesini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma konusu güncel, önemli ve disiplinler arası niteliktedir. Araştırma kapsamında, terörizmle mücadelenin bu çerçevede yürütülmesini sağlamak amacıyla devletlerin ciddiye alması gereken hayati insan hakları endişelerinin neler olduğu sorusuna ve bu endişelerin nasıl giderileceğine cevaplar aranmıştır. Bu bağlamda bu araştırmada, literatür taraması ve doküman incelemesi yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, hukuk, meşruiyet, ahlak ve vicdan ekseninde terörle mücadele politikalarının çok boyutlu bir değerlendirmesini sunmaktadır. İnsan hakları olmadan terörle mücadelenin etkili ve meşru olmayacağı açıkça görülmektedir. Terörizmle mücadelenin evrensel kabul gören ilkelere bağlı kalınarak daha hukuki, meşru, ahlaki ve vicdani yürütülmesi bağlamında araştırmanın açık ve uygulanabilir politika önerileriyle alana önemli katkılar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Payam, M. M. (2026). Law, legitimacy, morality and conscience in the fight against terrorism: A normative analysis from a human rights perspective. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3, 1109–1128. https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1927835

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (64)

  1. Altuğ, Y. (1995). Terörizmin anatomisi. Altın Kitaplar Basımevi.
  2. Aras, H. (2023). Terörizmi özneleri üzerinden anlamak: Terörle Mücadele Kanunu için bir tanım önerisi. ASBÜ Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 605-633.
  3. Aras, H. (2024). Terörizm üzerine. SDE Akademi Dergisi, 4(3), 363-386.
  4. Arendt, H. (1963). Eichmann in Jerusalem: A report on the banality of evil. Viking Press.
  5. Aslan, M. Y. (2008). Savaş hukukunun temel prensipleri. Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, (79), 235-274.
  6. Atay, E. E. (1997). Hukukta meşruiyet kavramı. G.Ü. Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(2), 121-166.
  7. Aybakan, B., & Dönmez, İ. K. (2004). Meşru. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi içinde (Cilt. 29, ss. 378-383).
  8. Banks, C. (2008). Criminal justice ethics: Theory and practice. SAGE Publications.
  9. Bauhn, P. (2005). Political terrorism and the rules of just war. In G. Meggle (Ed.), Ethics of terrorism & counter-terrorism (pp. 123-134). Ontos Verlag.
  10. Bıçak, V. (1999). Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi kararlarında terörizm. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2).
  11. Booth, K. (2007). Theory of world security. Cambridge University Press.
  12. Coady, C. A. J. (2005). Terrorism, just war and right response. In G. Meggle (Ed.), Ethics of terrorism & counter-terrorism (pp. 135-149). Ontos Verlag.
  13. Council of Europe. (2005). Human rights and the fight against terrorism. The Council of Europe Guidelines, Directorate General of Human Rights, Strasbourg, Council of Europe.
  14. Council of Europe. (2015). Commissioner for human rights: Positions on counter-terrorism and human rights protection.
  15. Çetin, H. (2003). Demokratik meşruiyet versus karizmatik meşruiyet. C.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 27(1), 91-108.
  16. Dascal, M. (2005). The unethical rhetoric of terror. In G. Meggle (Ed.), Ethics of terrorism & counter-terrorism (pp. 113-120). Ontos Verlag.
  17. Dedeoğlu, B. (2006). Terörizm ve terörizmle mücadelenin paradoksal olguları. Avrasya Dosyası, 12(3), 5-20.
  18. Demir, O. (2013). Vicdan. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi içinde (Cilt. 43, ss. 100-102).
  19. Dershowitz, A. M. (2002). Why terrorism works: Understanding the threat, responding to the challenge. Yale University Press.
  20. Enhanced Neutralisation of Explosive Threats Reaching Across the Plot (ENTRAP). (2018). Ethical and effective guidelines for development and employment of counter tools for prevention.
  21. Erturhan, S. (2007). İslâm hukukunda suçla mücadele yöntemleri. İslam Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi, (9), 101-142.
  22. European Court of Human Rights. (1996). Ireland v. United Kingdom, 25 EHRR 112.
  23. Görür, H. (2010). Hukuk devletinde meşruiyet sorunu. https://www.hukukpolitik.com.tr/2016/12/05/hukuk-devletinde-mesruiyet-sorunu
  24. Gunn, A., & Demirden, A. (2019). Radikalleşmenin önlenmesi ve terörizm olgusu. Polis Akademisi Başkanlığı.
  25. Habermas, J. (1996). Between facts and norms: Contributions to a discourse theory of law and democracy. MIT Press.
  26. Hammarberg, T. (2011). Human rights in Europe: No grounds for complacency. Council of Europe.
  27. Hersh, M. A. (2016). Terrorism, human rights and ethics: A modelling approach. J Socialomics, 5(2), 1-13.
  28. Ignatieff, M. (2004). The lesser evil: Political ethics in an age of terror. Princeton University Press.
  29. International Committee of the Red Cross. (2014). International humanitarian law: Answers to your questions.
  30. İnsan Hakları Evrensel Beyannamesi. (t.y.). http://ihuam.ankara.edu.tr/insan-haklari-evrensel-beyannamesi/
  31. Kapitan, T. (2005). “Terrorism” as a method of terrorism. In G. Meggle (Ed.), Ethics of terrorism & counter-terrorism (pp. 21-37). Ontos Verlag.
  32. Khatchadourian, H. (2005). Counter-terrorism: Torture and assassination. In G. Meggle (Ed.), Ethics of terrorism & counter-terrorism (pp. 177-196). Ontos Verlag.
  33. Kretzmer, D. (2005). Targeted killing of terrorists: A jurisprudence perspective. Harvard International Law Journal, 46(1), 1-50.
  34. Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (2nd ed.). Sage.
  35. Mavronicola, N. (2016). Protecting human rights while countering terrorism: The Role of National Human Rights Institutions. ENNHRI.
  36. Meggle, G. (2005). Terror & counter-terror: Initial ethical reflections. In G. Meggle (Ed.), Ethics of terrorism & counter-terrorism (pp. 161-175). Ontos Verlag.
  37. Melzer, N. (2008). Targeted killing in international law. Oxford University Press.
  38. Messelken, D. (2005). Terrorism and guerrilla warfare. In G. Meggle (Ed.), Ethics of terrorism & counter-terrorism (pp. 51-68). Ontos Verlag.
  39. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2008). Human rights, terrorism and counter-terrorism (Fact Sheet No. 32).
  40. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. (2007). Countering terrorism, protecting human rights: A manual.
  41. Özekes, M. (2005). Ülkemizde hukukun vicdan ve ahlak sorunu. Eskişehir Barosu Dergisi, (6), 1-16.
  42. Parker, T. (2021). Prevention of human rights violations while fighting terrorism. In A. P. Schmid (Ed.), Handbook of terrorism prevention and preparedness (pp. 1059-1101).
  43. Payam, M. M. (2016). The role of positive action in countering terrorism. International Journal of Development Research, 6(10), 9876-9881.
  44. Posner, E. A. (2006). Not a suicide pact: The constitution in a time of national emergency. Oxford University Press.
  45. Primoratz, I. (2005). State terrorism and counterterrorism. In G. Meggle (Ed.), Ethics of terrorism & counter-terrorism (pp. 69-81). Ontos Verlag.
  46. Rapoport, D. C. (2003). Generations and waves. In Seminar on global affairs. Columbia University Press.
  47. Saraçlı, M. (2007). Uluslararası hukukta terörizm. Gazi Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1-2), 1049-1078.
  48. Schmid, A. (2004). Terrorism: The definitional problem. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 36(2), 375-419.
  49. Schmid, A. P. (2011). Introduction. In The Routledge handbook of terrorism research (pp. 1-38). Routledge.
  50. Schmid, A. P. (2011). The definition of terrorism. In The Routledge handbook of terrorism research (pp. 39-99). Routledge.
  51. Schmid, A. P. (2021). Terrorism prevention: Conceptual issues. In Handbook of terrorism prevention and preparedness (pp. 13-48).
  52. Simpson, P. (2005). The war on terrorism. In G. Meggle (Ed.), Ethics of terrorism & counter-terrorism (pp. 197-205). Ontos Verlag.
  53. T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı. (2022). https://www.tccb.gov.tr/haberler/410/41423/.
  54. Taşdemir, F. (2012). Türkiye’nin PKK ile mücadelesi. G.Ü. Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(1), 107-151.
  55. Terörle Mücadele Kanunu. (1991). Kanun no: 3713. https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr
  56. The Islamic Fiqh Council. (2002). Makkah declaration on terrorist explosions and threats: Causes, consequences, legal opinions and means of protection. The Islamic Fiqh Council, 17. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
  57. Türk Dil Kurumu. (t.y.). https://sozluk.gov.tr/
  58. United Nations General Assembly. (2005). Draft comprehensive convention against international terrorism. Appendix II, A/59/894.
  59. United Nations General Assembly. (2006). The United Nations global counter-terrorism strategy. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 8 September 2006.
  60. United Nations General Assembly. (2018). Global counter-terrorism strategy review. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 26 June 2018.
  61. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2009). Frequently asked questions on international law aspects of countering terrorism. New York.
  62. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2021). Counter-terrorism legal training curriculum: Counter-terrorism in the international law context. Vienna, United Nations.
  63. Waldron, J. (2005). Security and liberty. Journal of Political Philosophy, 13(2), 191-210.
  64. Wilkinson, P. (2006). Terrorism versus democracy: The liberal state response. Routledge.