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Journals / Jeodezi ve Jeoinformasyon Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1

Investigation of the height correction model of ZTD: Case study of Central Europe

ZTD yükseklik düzeltme modellerinin araştırılması: Orta Avrupa örneği

Ali Hasan Doğan(TOKAT GAZİOSMANPAŞA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MÜHENDİSLİK VE MİMARLIK FAKÜLTESİ, HARİTA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ, HARİTA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ PR.)0000-0002-8490-890X
Pages
130–140
Publication Date
2026-03-05
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

However, higher accuracy was achieved in the analysis based on GNSS stations using exponential and cubic approaches.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:High accuracy tropospheric products play a key role in precise positioning.
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Key Findings & Data:In this context, ZTDs were calculated by using the data of ERA5 between 2020 and 2022 with Direct Numerical Solutions (DNS) software.
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Conclusion & Impact:However, higher accuracy was achieved in the analysis based on GNSS stations using exponential and cubic approaches.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:2020 Verileri
⚙️Variables:ZTD · DNS · GNSS

Abstract

High accuracy tropospheric products play a key role in precise positioning. The parameters, such as Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD), pressure and temperature, are obtained by troposphere models. However, height corrections should be considered for the parameters since troposphere models are produced for specific grid or model heights. In this study, different height correction models, named as exponential, cubic and hybrid, were investigated for Central Europe. In this context, ZTDs were calculated by using the data of ERA5 between 2020 and 2022 with Direct Numerical Solutions (DNS) software. The highest model accuracy was obtained by hybrid approach. However, higher accuracy was achieved in the analysis based on GNSS stations using exponential and cubic approaches.

Özet

Yüksek doğruluklu troposfer ürünleri hassas nokta konumlamada kilit bir rol oynamaktadır. Başucu yönündeki troposferik gecikme (Zenith Tropospheric Delay, ZTD), basınç ve sıcaklık gibi parametreler troposfer modelleri yardımıyla elde edilmektedir. Ancak, troposfer modelleri belirli grid veya model yükseklikleri için üretildiğinden, parametrelere yükseklik düzeltmelerinin getirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada Orta Avrupa için üstel, kübik ve hibrit yaklaşım olmak üzere farklı yükseklik düzeltme modelleri incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda ZTD değerleri 2020-2022 yılları arası ERA5 verileri kullanılarak DNS (Direct Numerical Solutions) yazılımı ile hesaplanmıştır. En yüksek model doğruluğu hibrit yaklaşım ile elde edilmiştir. Ancak, GNSS istasyonlarına dayalı analizlerde üstel ve kübik yaklaşım ile daha yüksek doğruluğa ulaşılmıştır.

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Cite This Article

Doğan, A. H. (2026). Investigation of the height correction model of ZTD: Case study of Central Europe. Jeodezi ve Jeoinformasyon Dergisi, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 130–140. https://doi.org/10.9733/JGG.2026R0006.T

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