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Journals / Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 27 Sayı: 4

ANTIGEN PRODUCTION IN THE VACCINE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS; METHODS AND INNOVATIVE APPROACHES

AŞI GELİŞTİRME SÜRECİNDE ANTİJEN ÜRETİMİ; YÖNTEMLER VE YENİLİKÇİ YAKLAŞIMLAR

Buse Türegün Atasoy(HACETTEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-8328-7291
Semra Soydam(HACETTEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0009-0007-4394-7009
Pages
575–585
Publication Date
2026-10-12
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In conclusion, the selection of an appropriate antigen and production platform, together with the optimization of production processes, is critical for the development of safe and effective vaccines.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Vaccination is one of the most effective and safe preventive health measures for public health.
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Key Findings & Data:Antigens, the main components of vaccines, may include proteins, carbohydrates, toxins, and nucleic acids and require different production methods depending on their characteristics.
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Conclusion & Impact:In conclusion, the selection of an appropriate antigen and production platform, together with the optimization of production processes, is critical for the development of safe and effective vaccines.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Aşılar · Aşılama · Antijen

Abstract

Vaccination is one of the most effective and safe preventive health measures for public health. Since Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine, vaccines have played an important role in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Vaccine production is a multi-stage process involving the selection, design, production, and purification of antigens capable of effectively stimulating the immune system. Antigens, the main components of vaccines, may include proteins, carbohydrates, toxins, and nucleic acids and require different production methods depending on their characteristics. This review discusses antigen production approaches for live attenuated, inactivated, toxoid, recombinant protein, nucleic acid, conjugate polysaccharide, virus-like particle (VLP), outer membrane vesicle (OMV), and viral vector-based vaccines. Fundamental production steps, including antigen design, cultivation and expression systems, inactivation, isolation, purification, and formulation, are evaluated, and the advantages, limitations, and effects of different approaches on immunogenicity are compared. In addition to conventional methods, advances in recombinant DNA technologies, nucleic acid-based platforms, and next-generation antigen delivery systems have contributed to faster and more flexible vaccine development processes. In conclusion, the selection of an appropriate antigen and production platform, together with the optimization of production processes, is critical for the development of safe and effective vaccines.

Özet

Aşılama, toplum sağlığı açısından en etkili ve güvenli koruyucu sağlık hizmetlerinden biridir. Edward Jenner’ın çiçek aşısını geliştirmesinden bu yana aşılar, bulaşıcı hastalıkların önlenmesi ve kontrolünde önemli başarılar sağlamıştır. Aşı üretimi, bağışıklık sistemini etkin şekilde uyarabilen antijenlerin seçimi, tasarımı, üretimi ve saflaştırılmasını içeren çok aşamalı bir süreçtir. Aşıların temel bileşeni olan antijenler; proteinler, karbonhidratlar, toksinler ve nükleik asitler gibi farklı yapılarda olabilir ve özelliklerine göre farklı üretim yöntemleri gerektirir. Bu derlemede; canlı atenüe, inaktif, toksoid, rekombinant protein, nükleik asit, konjuge polisakkarit, virüs benzeri partikül (VLP), dış membran vezikülü (OMV) ve viral vektör tabanlı aşıların antijen üretim yaklaşımları ele alınmıştır. Bu platformlarda kullanılan antijen tasarımı, kültivasyon ve ekspresyon sistemleri, inaktivasyon, izolasyon, saflaştırma ve formülasyona yönelik temel üretim basamakları değerlendirilmiş; farklı yaklaşımların avantajları, sınırlılıkları ve immünojenite üzerindeki etkileri karşılaştırılmıştır. Geleneksel yöntemlerin yanı sıra rekombinant DNA teknolojileri, nükleik asit temelli platformlar ve yeni nesil antijen sunum sistemlerindeki gelişmeler, aşı geliştirme süreçlerinin daha hızlı ve esnek hâle gelmesine katkı sağlamaktadır. Sonuç olarak, uygun antijenin ve üretim platformunun seçimi ile üretim süreçlerinin optimizasyonu, güvenli ve etkili aşıların geliştirilmesinde kritik öneme sahiptir.

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Cite This Article

Atasoy, B. T., Soydam, S. (2026). ANTIGEN PRODUCTION IN THE VACCINE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS; METHODS AND INNOVATIVE APPROACHES. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 4, 575–585. https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.1650432

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