SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

The fear of missing out, mindful awareness, and anxiety: A model testing among university students

Gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu, bilinçli farkındalık ve kaygı: Üniversite öğrencileri örnekleminde bir model testi

Burcu Korkmaz Yayın(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi)0000-0002-4723-0466
Fatıma Nur Keloğlu0009-0006-1691-9435
Urfan Mustafali0009-0003-5327-9746
Ceren Ceylan Ergun0000-0003-0604-0540
Berivan Atay0009-0006-2577-4506
Beste Şire0009-0009-7625-1870
Arzu Salmanova0009-0003-7672-9658
Selin Aydoğdu0009-0009-4503-972X
Gökçe Burgin0009-0009-5965-8046
Pages
192–204
Publication Date
2025-08-25
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Results indicated that FoMO is positively correlated with TA and negatively correlated with MF.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) is a term characterized by the thought that other people are having rewarding experiences when they are not involved.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Mindfulness is the ability to direct one's attention to the present moment, intentionally and deliberately, without judgment.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Results indicated that FoMO is positively correlated with TA and negatively correlated with MF.
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:FoMO · bilinçli farkındalık · durumluk kaygı

Abstract

Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) is a term characterized by the thought that other people are having rewarding experiences when they are not involved. Moreover, it has become a frequently studied variable after widespread social media and smartphone use. Mindfulness is the ability to direct one's attention to the present moment, intentionally and deliberately, without judgment. In line with these definitions, this study aims to examine the potential mediating role of FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) in the relationship between MF and state-trait anxiety (SA & TA). For this purpose, a total of 569 university students aged between 17 and 25 years (65.2% female, 34.8% male) from various universities and departments across Turkey participated in the research through an online survey. Results indicated that FoMO is positively correlated with TA and negatively correlated with MF. Additionally, mindfulness and TA are negatively correlated. However, no significant relationship was found between FoMO and mindfulness with SA. The results of the Process Macro analysis showed that the direct and indirect relationships between mindfulness and SA were not significant in the model in which the mediator role of FoMO was tested. On the contrary, a model that FoMO tested as a mediator between mindfulness and TA showed direct and indirect significant relations.

Özet

Gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu (Fear of Missing Out – FoMO) kişilerin bulunmadıkları ortamlarda diğer insanların ödül niteliğinde olumlu deneyimler yaşadıklarını düşünmeleri ile karakterize edilen bir kavramdır ve sosyal medya ile akıllı telefon kullanımının yaygınlaşması sonucunda sıklıkla çalışılan bir değişken haline gelmiştir. Bilinçli farkındalık (BF) ise kişinin dikkatini niyetli ve kasıtlı şekilde, yargılamadan, içine bulunulan ana yöneltebilmesi olarak tanımlanır. Bu tanımlar doğrultusunda bu çalışmada FoMO`nun, BF ile durumluluk kaygı (DK) ve sürekli kaygı (SK) düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkide aracı rolünün incelenmesi hedeflenmektedir. Bu amaçla araştırmaya çevrimiçi anket yoluyla Türkiye'nin çeşitli üniversitelerinde ve bölümlerinde öğrenim gören 17-25 yaş arası toplam 569 üniversite öğrencisi (%65.2 kadın, %34.8 erkek) katılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre FoMO SK ile pozitif, BF ile negatif yönde ilişkilidir. Ek olarak, BF ile SK arasında negatif yönlü ilişki bulunmuştur. Ancak DK ile FoMO ve BF arasında anlamlı bir ilişki elde edilememiştir. Process Macro analizi sonuçlarına göre, FoMO’nun aracı rolünün test edildiği modelde, BF ile DK arasındaki doğrudan ve dolaylı ilişkinin anlamlı olmadığı görülmüştür. Bunun aksine, FoMO’nun BF düzeyi ile SK arasındaki ilişkide aracı rolünün test edildiği modelde hem doğrudan hem de dolaylı ilişkinin anlamlı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Yayın, B. K., Keloğlu, F. N., Mustafali, U., Ergun, C. C., Atay, B., Şire, B., Salmanova, A., Aydoğdu, S., Burgin, G. (2025). The fear of missing out, mindful awareness, and anxiety: A model testing among university students. Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 192–204. https://doi.org/10.57127/kpd.26024438.1497605

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (57)

  1. Al-Furaih, S. A. ve Al-Awidi, H. M. (2021). Fear of missing out (FoMO) among undergraduate students in relation to attention distraction and learning disengagement in lectures. Education and Information Technologies, 26(2), 2355-2373.
  2. Al-Menayes, J. (2016). The Fear of Missing out Scale: Validation of the Arabic version and correlation with social media addiction. International Journal of Applied Psychology, 6(2), 41-46.
  3. Baker, Z. G., Krieger, H. ve LeRoy, A. S. (2016). Fear of missing out: Relationships with depression, mindfulness, and physical symptoms. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 2(3), 275-282.
  4. Balta, S., Emirtekin, E., Kircaburun, K. ve Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Neuroticism, trait fear of missing out, and phubbing: The mediating role of state fear of missing out and problematic Instagram use. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 18, 628-639.
  5. Blackwell, D., Leaman, C., Tramposch, R., Osborne, C. ve Liss, M. (2017). Extraversion, neuroticism, attachment style and fear of missing out as predictors of social media use and addiction. Personality and Individual Differences, 116, 69-72.
  6. Brown, K. W. ve Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822-848.
  7. Call, D., Miron, L. ve Orcutt, H. (2014). Effectiveness of brief mindfulness techniques in reducing symptoms of anxiety and stress. Mindfulness, 5, 658-668.
  8. Casale, S., Rugai, L. ve Fioravanti, G. (2018). Exploring the role of positive metacognitions in explaining the association between the fear of missing out and social media addiction. Addictive Behaviors, 85, 83-87.
  9. Çelik, F. ve Özkara B. Y. (2022). Fear of Missing out (FoMO) Scale: Adaptation to social media context and testing its psychometric properties. Studies in Psychology, 42(1), 71-103.
  10. Dias Lopes, L. F., Chaves, B. M., Fabrício, A., Porto, de Almeida, D. M., Obregon, S. L., Lima, M. P., da Silva, W. V., Camargo, M. E., de Veiga, C. P., de Moura, G. L., da Silva, L. S., C. V. ve Costa, V. M. F. (2020). Analysis of well-being and anxiety among university students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 1-23.
  11. Durbas, A., Karaman, H., Solman, C. H., Kaygisiz, N. ve Ersoy, Ö. (2021). Anxiety and stress levels associated with COVID-19 pandemic of university students in Turkey: A year after the pandemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 731348.
  12. Elhai, J. D., Levine, J. C., Alghraibeh, A. M., Alafnan, A. A., Aldraiweesh, A. A. ve Hall, B. J. (2018). Fear of missing out: Testing relationships with negative affectivity, online social engagement, and problematic smartphone use. Computers in Human Behavior, 89, 289-298.
  13. Elhai, J. D., Yang, H., Fang, J., Bai, X. ve Hall, B. J. (2020). Depression and anxiety symptoms are related to problematic smartphone use severity in Chinese young adults: Fear of missing out as a mediator. Addictive Behaviors, 101, 105962.
  14. Endler, N. S. ve Kocovski, N. L. (2001). State and trait anxiety revisited. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 15(3), 231-245.
  15. Feitosa, C. (2022). Understanding the relationship between mindfulness, problematic smartphone usage, and psychological well-being in young adults (Yayınlanmamış lisans tezi). National College of Ireland, İrlanda.
  16. Franzoi, I. G., Sauta, M. D. ve Granieri, A. (2020). State and trait anxiety among university students: A moderated mediation model of negative affectivity, alexithymia, and housing conditions. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1255.
  17. Gao, W., Ping, S. ve Liu, X. (2020). Gender differences in depression, anxiety, and stress among college students: a longitudinal study from China. Journal of Affective Disorders, 263, 292-300.
  18. Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Publications.
  19. Hayes, A. F., Montoya, A. K. ve Rockwood, N. J. (2017). The analysis of mechanisms and their contingencies: PROCESS versus structural equation modelling. Australasian Marketing Journal, 25(1), 76-81.
  20. Hoşgör, H., Koç Tütüncü, S., Gündüz Hoşgör, D. ve Tandoğan, Ö. (2017). Üniversite öğrencileri arasında sosyal medyadaki gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu yaygınlığının farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 3(17), 213-223.
  21. Kircaburun, K., Alhabash, S., Tosuntaş, Ş. B. ve Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Uses and gratifications of problematic social media use among university students: A simultaneous examination of the Big Five of personality traits, social media platforms, and social media use motives. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 18, 525-547.
  22. Li, W., Zhao, Z., Chen, D., Peng, Y. ve Lu, Z. (2022). Prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety symptoms among college students: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63(11), 1222-1230.
  23. Milyavskaya, M., Saffran, M., Hope, N. ve Koestner, R. (2018). Fear of missing out: Prevalence, dynamics, and consequences of experiencing FOMO. Motivation and Emotion, 42(5), 725-737.
  24. Oberst, U., Wegmann, E., Stodt, B., Brand, M. ve Chamarro, A. (2017). Negative consequences from heavy social networking in adolescents: The mediating role of fear of missing out. Journal of Adolescence, 55, 51-60.
  25. O'Connell, C. (2020). How FoMO (fear of missing out), the smartphone, and social media may be affecting university students in the middle east. North American Journal of Psychology, 22(1), 83-102.
  26. Özyesil, Z., Arslan, C., Kesici, S. ve Deniz, M. E. (2011). The validity and reliability study of Mindful Attention Awareness Scale. Eğitim ve Bilim, 36(160), 224-235.
  27. Parmentier, F. B., García-Toro, M., García-Campayo, J., Yañez, A. M., Andrés, P. ve Gili, M. (2019). Mindfulness and symptoms of depression and anxiety in the general population: The mediating roles of worry, rumination, reappraisal and suppression. Frontiers in Psychology, 10,506.
  28. Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R. ve Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1841-1848.
  29. Ramón-Arbués, E., Gea-Caballero, V., Granada-López, J. M., Juárez-Vela, R., Pellicer-García, B. ve Antón-Solanas, I. (2020). The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress and their associated factors in college students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 7001.
  30. Reer, F., Tang, W. Y. ve Quandt, T. (2019). Psychosocial well-being and social media engagement: The mediating roles of social comparison orientation and fear of missing out. New Media & Society, 21(7), 1486-1505.
  31. Regan, T., Harris, B., Van Loon, M., Nanavaty, N., Schueler, J., Engler, S. ve Fields, S. A. (2020). Does mindfulness reduce the effects of risk factors for problematic smartphone use? Comparing frequency of use versus self-reported addiction. Addictive Behaviors, 108,106435.
  32. Rozgonjuk, D., Sindermann, C., Elhai, J. D. ve Montag, C. (2020). Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and social media’s impact on daily-life and productivity at work: Do WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat use disorders mediate that association? Addictive Behaviors, 110.
  33. Rozgonjuk, D., Sindermann, C., Elhai, J. D. ve Montag, C. (2021). Individual differences in Fear of Missing Out (FoMO): Age, gender, and the Big Five personality trait domains, facets, and items. Personality and Individual Differences, 171, 110546.
  34. Sa'id, M. ve Dewi, D. C. S. (2022). Mindfulness and fear of missing out in final year undergraduate students. KnE Social Sciences, 125-136.
  35. Schoemann, A. M., Boulton, A. J. ve Short, S. D. (2017). Determining power and sample size for simple and complex mediation models. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(4), 379-386.
  36. Shan, X., Ou, Y., Ding, Y., Yan, H., Chen, J., Zhao, J. ve Guo, W. (2021). Associations between internet addiction and gender, anxiety, coping styles and acceptance in university freshmen in South China. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 558080.
  37. Sharma, P. K. ve Kumra, R. (2022). Relationship between mindfulness, depression, anxiety and stress: Mediating role of self-efficacy. Personality and Individual Differences, 186, 111363.
  38. Spielberger, C. D. (1966). Theory and research on anxiety. Anxiety and Behavior, 1(3), 413-428.
  39. Spielberger, C. D., Gonzalez-Reigosa, F., Martinez-Urrutia, A., Natalico, L. F. S. ve Natalico, D. S. (1971). Development of the Spanish edition of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 5(3-4), 145-158.
  40. Spielberger, C. D. (1972). Conceptual and methodological issues in anxiety research. C. D. Spielberger (Ed.), Anxiety: Current trends in theory and research içinde (s. 481−492). Academic Press.
  41. Takahashi, T., Sugiyama, F., Kikai, T., Kawashima, I., Guan, S., Oguchi, M., Uchida, T. ve Kumano, H. (2019). Changes in depression and anxiety through mindfulness group therapy in Japan: The role of mindfulness and self-compassion as possible mediators. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 13(1), 1-10.
  42. Tandon, A., Dhir, A., Almugren, I., AlNemer, G. N. ve Mäntymäki, M. (2021). Fear of missing out (FoMO) among social media users: A systematic literature review, synthesis and framework for future research. Internet Research, 31(3), 782-821.
  43. Thorisdottir, I. E., Sigurvinsdottir, R., Asgeirsdottir, B. B., Allegrante, J. P. ve Sigfusdottir, I. D. (2019). Active and passive social media use and symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood among Icelandic adolescents. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 22(8), 535-542.
  44. Tubbs, J. D., Savage, J. E., Adkins, A. E., Amstadter, A. B. ve Dick, D. M. (2019). Mindfulness moderates the relation between trauma and anxiety symptoms in college students. Journal of American College Health, 67(3), 235-245.
  45. Tunç-Aksan, A. ve Akbay, S. E. (2019). Smartphone addiction, fear of missing out, and perceived competence as predictors of social media addiction of adolescents. European Journal of Educational Research, 8(2), 559-566.
  46. Uzuntarla, Y., Cihangiroglu, N., Ceyhan, S. ve Eroğlu, M. (2015). Üniversite öğrencilerinin sürekli kaygı düzeyleri ile sosyodemografik özellikleri arasındaki ilişkinin analizi. Uluslararası Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(4), 156-169.
  47. Ülev, E. (2014). Üniversite öğrencilerinde bilinçli farkındalık düzeyi ile stresle başa çıkma tarzının depresyon, kaygı ve stres belirtileriyle ilişkisi (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Hacettepe üniversitesi, Ankara.
  48. Varchetta, M., Fraschetti, A., Mari, E. ve Giannini, A. M. (2020). Social media addiction, fear of missing out (FoMO) and online vulnerability in university students. Revista Digital de Investigación en Docencia Universitaria, 14(1), e1187.
  49. Villanti, A. C., Johnson, A. L., Ilakkuvan, V., Jacobs, M. A., Graham, A. L. ve Rath, J. M. (2017). Social media use and access to digital technology in US young adults in 2016. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(6), e196.
  50. VP, N. ve Veronica, N. (2020). The relationship between fear of missing out, mindfulness, and social media usage among adolescence. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 8(3), 1948-1960.
  51. Walach, H., Buchheld, N., Buttenmüller, V., Kleinknecht, N. ve Schmidt, S. (2006). Measuring mindfulness the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI). Personality and İndividual Differences, 40(8), 1543-1555.
  52. Wang, M., Zhang, H., Zhang, X., Zhao, Q., Chen, J., Hu, C., Feng, R., Liu, D., Fu, P., Zhang, C., Cao, J., Yue, J., Yu, H., Yang, H., Liu, B., Xiong, W., Tong, H., Zhu, S. ve Yang, Y. (2023). Effects of a online brief modified mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy for anxiety among Chinese adults: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 161, 27-33.
  53. Weaver, J. L. ve Swank, J. M. (2021). An examination of college students’ social media use, fear of missing out, and mindful attention. Journal of College Counseling, 24(2), 132-145.
  54. Wolniewicz, C. A., Tiamiyu, M. F., Weeks, J. W. ve Elhai, J. D. (2018). Problematic smartphone use and relations with negative affect, fear of missing out, and fear of negative and positive evaluation. Psychiatry Research, 262, 618-623.
  55. Yam, F. C. (2014). Psikolojik danışma öz-yeterliği: Kişilik özellikleri, durumluk-sürekli kaygı düzeyleri ve geçmiş eğitim yaşantıları (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Tokat.
  56. Zhang, Z., Jiménez, F. R. ve Cicala, J. E. (2020). Fear of Missing out Scale: A self‐concept perspective. Psychology & Marketing, 37(11), 1619-1634.
  57. Zhao, X., Lynch, J. G., ve Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 197-206.