Journals / Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2

RISK FACTORS FOR NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT ADMISSION IN INFANTS BORN TO MOTHERS WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

Rıfat Taner Aksoy(General Directorate of Health Services, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Türkiye, ANKARA, TÜRKİYE)0000-0003-3931-4835
Nazan Vanlı Tonyalı(Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Perinatology Clinic, Etlik City Hospital, ANKARA, TÜRKİYE)0000-0002-7284-6887
Pages
321–326
Publication Date
2026-08-12
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

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⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The research showed that male preterm newborns had greater odds of NICU admission (52.1% overall and 56.8% in GDM group), with odds approximately 20-fold higher than female term infants (p<0.001).

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: Evaluate maternal clinical and biochemical predictors of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), with particular emphasis on cumulative risk burden and combined effects of key clinical variables.
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Key Findings & Data:Material and Methods:This retrospective study included 1,173 pregnant women who underwent routine GDM screening and were classified as non-GDM (n=590) and GDM (n=583).
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Conclusion & Impact:The research showed that male preterm newborns had greater odds of NICU admission (52.1% overall and 56.8% in GDM group), with odds approximately 20-fold higher than female term infants (p<0.001).
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Gebelik diyabeti · yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesine yatış · risk faktörleri

Abstract

Objective: Evaluate maternal clinical and biochemical predictors of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), with particular emphasis on cumulative risk burden and combined effects of key clinical variables. Material and Methods:This retrospective study included 1,173 pregnant women who underwent routine GDM screening and were classified as non-GDM (n=590) and GDM (n=583). Maternal demographic, clinical, and biochemical parameters were recorded. NICU admission was defined as the primary outcome. Risk factor analyses were performed within the GDM group. Select maternal and fetal data were used to calculate a cumulative risk score. The influence of fetal sex and premature birth on NICU admission was also examined. Statistical analyses included chi-square test, t-test or Mann–Whitney U test, and logistic regression. Results:NICU admission rates were higher in the GDM group compared to the non-GDM group (13.2% vs. 8.8%, p=0.016). Within the GDM cohort, insulin use (26.3% vs. 16.4%, p=0.035), lower gestational age at delivery (37.34±2.13 vs. 37.96±1.50 weeks, p=0.002), and male fetal sex (20.1% vs. 7.5%, p<0.001) were associated with NICU admission, whereas OGTT parameters were not. NICU admission rates increased progressively with cumulative risk burden (8.8%, 15.4%, and 26.5% for 0–1, 2–3, and ≥4 risk factors, respectively; p=0.003). The research showed that male preterm newborns had greater odds of NICU admission (52.1% overall and 56.8% in GDM group), with odds approximately 20-fold higher than female term infants (p<0.001). Conclusions: In pregnancies complicated by GDM, NICU admission is influenced by the combined effect of multiple maternal and fetal factors. Insulin use, lower gestational age, and male fetal sex were identified as key contributors, whereas OGTT parameters were not predictive. Cumulative risk burden and interaction effects, especially between male sex and preterm birth, increase neonatal risk assessment and may help identify high-risk pregnancies.

Özet

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, gestasyonel diyabet (GDM) ile komplike gebeliklerde yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesine (YYBÜ) yatışın maternal klinik ve biyokimyasal belirleyicilerinin değerlendirilmesi; özellikle kümülatif risk yükü ve temel klinik değişkenlerin birleşik etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif çalışmaya rutin GDM taraması yapılan toplam 1.173 gebe dahil edilmiş ve katılımcılar GDM olmayan (n=590) ve GDM olan (n=583) olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Maternal demografik, klinik ve biyokimyasal parametreler kaydedilmiştir. YYBÜ yatışı birincil sonlanım noktası olarak tanımlanmıştır. Risk faktörü analizleri GDM grubu içerisinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Seçilmiş maternal ve fetal veriler kullanılarak kümülatif risk skoru hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca fetal cinsiyet ve preterm doğumun YYBÜ yatışı üzerindeki etkisi değerlendirlmiştir. İstatistiksel analizlerde ki-kare testi, t-testi veya Mann–Whitney U testi ve lojistik regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: YYBÜ yatış oranları GDM grubunda GDM olmayan gruba kıyasla daha yüksek bulunmuştur (%13,2’ye karşı %8,8; p=0,016). GDM grubunda insülin kullanımı (%26,3’e karşı %16,4; p=0,035), daha düşük doğum haftası (37,34±2,13’e karşı 37,96±1,50 hafta; p=0,002) ve erkek fetal cinsiyet (%20,1’e karşı %7,5; p<0,001) YYBÜ yatışı ile ilişkili bulunurken, OGTT parametreleri ile anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır. YYBÜ yatış oranlarının kümülatif risk yükü arttıkça kademeli olarak arttığı gözlenmiştir (%8,8, %15,4 ve %26,5; sırasıyla 0–1, 2–3 ve ≥4 risk faktörü için; p=0,003). Erkek preterm yenidoğanlarda YYBÜ yatış olasılığının en yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır (genel popülasyonda %52,1 ve GDM grubunda %56,8) ve bu grubun, kız term yenidoğanlara kıyasla yaklaşık 19–20 kat daha yüksek risk taşıdığı belirlenmiştir (p<0,001). Sonuç: GDM ile komplike gebeliklerde YYBÜ yatışı, çoklu maternal ve fetal faktörlerin birleşik etkisi ile ilişkilidir. İnsülin kullanımı, düşük gestasyonel yaş ve erkek fetal cinsiyet temel belirleyiciler olarak saptanırken, OGTT parametrelerinin prediktif olmadığı görülmüştür. Kümülatif risk yükü ve özellikle erkek cinsiyet ile preterm doğum arasındaki etkileşim gibi birleşik etkilerin değerlendirilmesi, neonatal riskin daha doğru belirlenmesine katkı sağlayabilir ve yüksek riskli gebeliklerin erken dönemde tanınmasına yardımcı olabilir.

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Cite This Article

Aksoy, R. T., Tonyalı, N. V. (2026). RISK FACTORS FOR NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT ADMISSION IN INFANTS BORN TO MOTHERS WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 321–326. https://doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.1926420

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