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Journals / Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

Investigation of the Efficiency of Biochar and Activated Carbon Produced from Water Hyacinth and Phragmites Australis Plants

Su Sümbülü ve Saz Bitkilerinden Üretilen Biyokömür ve Aktif Karbonun Verimi ile Yüzey Alanı Üzerinde Sıcaklığın Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Ahmed Abboosh Ahmed Ahmed(ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0009-0003-3733-4899
Semra Çoruh(ONDOKUZ MAYIS UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-8306-1890
Pages
442–454
Publication Date
2026-07-24
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

BET results showed increased surface area and enhanced microporosity, especially after activation.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study examined how varying pyrolysis temperatures influence the formation of biochar and activated carbon derived from Phragmites australis and Eichhornia crassipes.
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Key Findings & Data:The work assessed changes in mass yield, surface area, and pore development resulting from thermal decomposition and chemical activation using potassium hydroxide (KOH).
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Conclusion & Impact:BET results showed increased surface area and enhanced microporosity, especially after activation.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Su Sümbülü · Saz Bitkisi · Aktif Karbon

Abstract

This study examined how varying pyrolysis temperatures influence the formation of biochar and activated carbon derived from Phragmites australis and Eichhornia crassipes. The work assessed changes in mass yield, surface area, and pore development resulting from thermal decomposition and chemical activation using potassium hydroxide (KOH). Pyrolysis was conducted under strictly oxygen-free conditions using nitrogen gas at 500, 550, and 650 °C, with a heating rate of 10 °C/min and a residence time of 90 minutes. Biochar yield for both feedstocks declined progressively at higher temperatures because of intensified volatilization and structural mass loss. Water hyacinth produced its maximum yield at 550 °C(CHN550), reaching 25.8%, whereas the value decreased to 22.6% at 650 °C. P. australis exhibited a yield of 24.4% at 500 °C(CHS500), falling to 21% at 650 °C. For activated carbon, the highest output was recorded for P. australis at 550 °C(ACS550), at 23.6%, dropping to 17.6% at 650 °C. Water hyacinth showed the lowest yield at 650 °C(ACN650), at 14.6%. In contrast, surface characteristics improved markedly at elevated temperatures. BET results showed increased surface area and enhanced microporosity, especially after activation. The (ACS650) sample reached 196.69 m²/g, while (ACN650) achieved an even greater surface area of 252.95 m²/g.

Özet

Bu çalışma, saz ve su sümbülü bitkilerinden elde edilen biyokömür ve aktif karbon üretimi üzerinde piroliz sıcaklıklarının etkisini incelemiştir. Araştırma kapsamında, potasyum hidroksit (KOH) ile yapılan kimyasal aktivasyon ve piroliz süreçlerinin kütle verimi, yüzey alanı ve gözenek yapısı üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Piroliz, oksijensiz ortamda ve azot gazı altında 10 °C/dak ısıtma hızı ve 90 dakikalık bekletme süresiyle 500, 550 ve 650 °C’de gerçekleştirilmiştir. Artan sıcaklık, uçucu bileşen kaybının hızlanması nedeniyle her iki bitkide biyokömür veriminde düşüşe yol açmıştır. Su sümbülü 550 °C’de %25,8 (CHN550) ile en yüksek verimi gösterirken, 650 °C’de verim %22,6’ya gerilemiştir. Saz ise 500 °C’de %24,4 (CHS500) verim sağlamış ve 650 °C’de bu değer %21’e düşmüştür. Aktif karbon üretiminde en yüksek verim, 550 °C’de %23,6 ile saz örneğinde (ACS550) elde edilmiş; 650 °C’de %17,6’ya inmiştir. Su sümbülünde 650 °C’de en düşük verim (ACN650) %14,6 olarak kaydedilmiştir. Yüzey özellikleri ise sıcaklıkla belirgin biçimde iyileşmiş; özellikle aktive örneklerde BET yüzey alanı ve mikrogözeneklilik artmıştır. Saz (ACS650) örneği 196,69 m²/g yüzey alanına ulaşırken, su sümbülü (ACN650) aynı sıcaklıkta 252,95 m²/g ile daha yüksek bir değer göstermiştir.

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Cite This Article

Ahmed, A. A. A., Çoruh, S. (2026). Investigation of the Efficiency of Biochar and Activated Carbon Produced from Water Hyacinth and Phragmites Australis Plants. Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 442–454. https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.1837184

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