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Journals / Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi / 2025 / Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2

Prevalance of Hereditary Disorders on Holstein Bull Semens Imported to Turkiye throughout the ten years period between 2013-2022

Türkiye’ye İthal Edilen Siyah Alaca Boğa Spermalarında On Yıllık Dönem (2013-2022) Boyunca Kalıtsal Kusur Görülme Sıklığı

Mustafa Çam(SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, VETERİNER FAKÜLTESİ, ZOOTEKNİ VE HAYVAN BESLEME BÖLÜMÜ, VETERİNERLİK ZOOTEKNİ ANABİLİM DALI)0000-0002-1821-191X
Mahmut Şamil Şamli(HATAY MUSTAFA KEMAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ, VETERİNER FAKÜLTESİ, ZOOTEKNİ VE HAYVAN BESLEME BÖLÜMÜ, VETERİNERLİK ZOOTEKNİ ANABİLİM DALI)0000-0001-8956-3624
Seref Inal(SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, VETERİNER FAKÜLTESİ, ZOOTEKNİ VE HAYVAN BESLEME BÖLÜMÜ, VETERİNERLİK ZOOTEKNİ ANABİLİM DALI)0000-0003-4746-8930
Pages
86–90
Publication Date
2025-12-31
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Therefore, it is recommended that Turkey revises its import policies, enforces stricter genetic quality standards, and implements more rigorous controls on the importation of semen carrying hereditary defects.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study aimed to identify hereditary defects in Holstein bull semen imported to Turkey between 2013 and 2022 and to evaluate their impact on genetic quality.
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Key Findings & Data:Various bull catalogs, artificial insemination companies, and international genetic databases were utilized to analyze a total of 2.420 bulls.
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Conclusion & Impact:Therefore, it is recommended that Turkey revises its import policies, enforces stricter genetic quality standards, and implements more rigorous controls on the importation of semen carrying hereditary defects.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2013 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Kalıtsal kusur · genetik kirlilik · siyah alaca

Abstract

This study aimed to identify hereditary defects in Holstein bull semen imported to Turkey between 2013 and 2022 and to evaluate their impact on genetic quality. Various bull catalogs, artificial insemination companies, and international genetic databases were utilized to analyze a total of 2.420 bulls. The analysis revealed that 14.26% of the imported frozen semen carried at least one genetic defect, with Holstein haplotype 5 (HH5), Holstein colesterol deficiency (HCD) and muscular weakness (MW) gene being the most frequently observed hereditary abnormalities. A significant increase in the proportion of carrier bulls was observed after 2019, with the carrier rate rising from 29.57% in 2013 to 51.27% in 2022. Country-based evaluations indicated that semen from Germany had the lowest rate of genetic defects, whereas semen imported from the United States, Canada, and France exhibited significantly higher defect rates. The findings suggest that genetic defects are prevalent in imported bull semen, potentially leading to both economic losses and adverse effects on the genetic sustainability of the cattle population. Therefore, it is recommended that Turkey revises its import policies, enforces stricter genetic quality standards, and implements more rigorous controls on the importation of semen carrying hereditary defects.

Özet

Bu çalışma, 2013-2022 yılları arasında Türkiye'ye ithal edilen Siyah Alaca boğa spermalarındaki kalıtsal kusurların belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, çeşitli boğa katalogları, suni tohumlama şirketleri ve uluslararası genetik veri tabanları kullanılarak toplam 2.420 boğa analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda, ithal edilen donmuş spermaların %14.26'sının en az bir genetik kusur taşıdığı tespit edilmiştir. En sık rastlanan kalıtsal kusurlar arasında Holştayn haplotip 5 (HH5), Holştayn kolesterol eksikliği (HCD) ve kas zayıflığı (MW) geni yer almaktadır. Yıllara göre yapılan değerlendirmelerde, 2019 yılı sonrası ithal edilen spermaların kusurlu gen taşıyıcı oranlarında belirgin bir artış gözlemlenmiş ve 2013 yılında %29.57 olan taşıyıcı oranının 2022 yılında %51.27'ye ulaştığı belirlenmiştir. Ülkelere göre yapılan analizlerde, Almanya’dan ithal edilen spermaların en düşük genetik kusur oranına sahip olduğu, buna karşın ABD, Kanada ve Fransa’dan ithal edilen spermaların daha yüksek oranlarda genetik kusur içerdiği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, ithal edilen boğa spermalarında genetik kusurların yaygın olduğunu ve bunun hem ekonomik kayıplara hem de sığır popülasyonunun genetik sürdürülebilirliğine olumsuz etkiler yaratabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, Türkiye'nin ithalat politikalarını gözden geçirmesi, genetik kalite standartlarını sıkılaştırması ve kalıtsal kusur taşıyan spermaların ithalatına yönelik daha katı denetimler uygulaması önerilmektedir.

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Cite This Article

Çam, M., Şamli, M. Ş., Inal, S. (2025). Prevalance of Hereditary Disorders on Holstein Bull Semens Imported to Turkiye throughout the ten years period between 2013-2022. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2, 86–90. https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.1676691

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