Journals / Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1

Localization of HOXA10 and HOXC6 Proteins in Blood Vessels during Gestation in Bovine Placenta

Sığır Plasentasında Gebelik Süresince HOXA10 ve HOXC6 Proteinlerinin Kan Damarlarındaki Lokalizasyonu

Aydın Ketani(DİCLE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, VETERİNER FAKÜLTESİ, VETERİNER PR.)0000-0002-1546-9747
Pages
96–101
Publication Date
2026-06-30
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The staining results showed that HOXA10 and HOXC6 immunoreactivity intensities occurred at different levels in arterioles and muscular arteries.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The vascular system is a complex structure composed of large, medium, and small vessels, classified as arteries and veins.
📊
Key Findings & Data:HOXA10 and HOXC6, subgroups of these proteins, have critical functions in controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression, and play crucial roles in regulating developmental processes.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The staining results showed that HOXA10 and HOXC6 immunoreactivity intensities occurred at different levels in arterioles and muscular arteries.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Damar · HOXA10 · HOXC6

Abstract

The vascular system is a complex structure composed of large, medium, and small vessels, classified as arteries and veins. This system exhibits a high degree of diversity in terms of structure, organization, and physiological characteristics, and its functional regulation is provided by hormonal and local metabolic mechanisms. HOX proteins are transcription factors that play a crucial role in the formation of body structures, cell differentiation, and the regulation of organ morphogenesis during embryonic development. HOXA10 and HOXC6, subgroups of these proteins, have critical functions in controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression, and play crucial roles in regulating developmental processes. This study was designed to determine the immunohistochemical localization of HOXA10 and HOXC6 proteins in vascular endothelium and vascular wall cells of bovine placenta during gestation. In this study, a total of 27 Holstein cow placentas were used as material. The placentas were grouped according to the ages of the fetuses, according to the first (69-89 days / 9 placentas), second (99-178 days / 9 placentas), and third (190-269 days / 9 placentas) periods of gestation. The collected placenta samples were fixed in %10’luk nötral formalin 24 hours. After the application of routine histological procedures, the obtained sections were stained using immunohistochemistry. The staining results showed that HOXA10 and HOXC6 immunoreactivity intensities occurred at different levels in arterioles and muscular arteries. It was observed that HOXA10 immunoreactivity was particularly concentrated in the media layer of the vessel wall, while HOXC6 immunoreactivity was more localized in the adventitia layer. Thus, it was hypothesized that both proteins may play a role in vessel formation and development, as well as in the proliferation and differentiation of cells in the vessel wall, and therefore may contribute to the maintenance of the normal physiological functions of the placenta.

Özet

Vasküler sistem, arterler ve venler olarak sınıflandırılan; büyük, orta ve küçük çaplı damarlardan oluşan kompleks bir yapıdır. Bu sistem, yapı, organizasyon ve fizyolojik özellikler açısından yüksek derecede çeşitlilik göstermekte olup, fonksiyonel düzenlenmesi hormonal ve lokal metabolik mekanizmalar tarafından sağlanmaktadır. HOX proteinleri, embriyonik gelişim sürecindeki vücut yapılarının oluşumu, hücre farklılaşması ve organ morfogenezinin düzenlenmesinde önemli rol oynayan transkripsiyon faktörleridir. Bu proteinlerin birer alt üyesi olan HOXA10 ve HOXC6 hücre proliferasyonu, farklılaşması ve gen ekspresyonunun kontrolünde kritik işlevlere sahip olup, gelişimsel süreçlerin düzenlenmesinde önemli rollere sahiptir. Bu çalışma, gebelik süresince sığır plasentasındaki HOXA10 ve HOXC6 proteinlerinin damar endoteli ve damar duvarı hücrelerindeki immünohistokimyasal lokalizasyonlarını belirlemek amacıyla tasarlanmıştır. Sunulan çalışmada materyal olarak toplam 27 adet Holstein ırkı inek plasentası kullanıldı. Plasentalar; yaşları belirlenen fötuslara göre gebeliğin birinci (69-89 günlük / 9 plasenta), ikinci (99-178 / 9 plasenta) ve üçüncü (190-269 / 9 plasenta) dönemlerine ait olacak şekilde gruplandırıldı. Alınan plasenta örnekleri, 18 saat boyunca %10’luk formol-alkolde fikse edildi. Uygulanan rutin histolojik prosedürlerin sonrasında elde edilen kesitler immünohistokimya tekniği ile boyandı. Boyama sonucunda arteriyol ve müsküler arterlerdeki HOXA10 ve HOXC6 immünoreaktivite yoğunluğunun farklı düzeylerde meydana geldiği belirlendi. HOXA10 immünoreaktivitesinin özellikle damar duvarının media tabakasında yoğun olduğu, buna karşılık HOXC6 immünoreaktivitesinin ise daha çok adventisya tabakasında lokalize olduğu görüldü. Böylece her iki proteinin damar oluşumu ve gelişiminin yanı sıra damar duvarındaki hücrelerin proliferasyon ile diferansiyasyonunda rol oynayabileceği ve dolayısıyla plasentanın normal fizyolojik işlevlerinin sürdürülmesine katkı sağlayabilecekleri düşünüldü.

🔖

Cite This Article

Topaloğlu, U., Ketani, A., *, U. T. (2026). Localization of HOXA10 and HOXC6 Proteins in Blood Vessels during Gestation in Bovine Placenta. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1, 96–101. https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.1921130

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (33)

  1. Rahman M, Siddik AB (2023). Anatomy, Arterioles. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, USA.
  2. Majesky MW (2015). Adventitia and perivascular cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol., 35(8):e31-e35.
  3. Stenmark KR, Nozik-Grayck E, Gerasimovskaya E ve ark (2011). The adventitia: Essential role in pulmonary vascular remodeling. Compr Physiol., 1(1):141-161.
  4. Alves-Lopes R, Touyz RM, Montezano AC (2019). Cell Biology of Vessels. In: Textbook Vascular Medicine. Touyz R, Delles C (eds). Springer Cham, Nature Switzerland, 23-30.
  5. Martinez-Lemus LA (2012). The dynamic structure of arterioles. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol., 110(1):5-11.
  6. Ross MH, Pawlina W (2020). Histology: A Text and Atlas With Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology. 8th ed., Wolters Kluwer, Philadelphia.
  7. Hall JE, Hall ME (2020). Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. Elsevier, Philadelphia.
  8. Mescher AL (2021). Junqueira’s Basic Histology: Text and Atlas. 15th ed. McGraw-Hill Education, New York.
  9. Seifert A, Werheid DF, Knapp SM, Tobiasch E (2015). Role of Hox genes in stem cell differentiation. World J Stem Cells., 7(3):583-595.
  10. Carrera M, Bitu CC, de Oliveira CE ve ark (2015). HOXA10 controls proliferation, migration and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol., 8(4):3613-3623.
  11. Song C, Han Y, Luo H ve ark (2019). HOXA10 induces BCL2 expression, inhibits apoptosis, and promotes cell proliferation in gastric cancer. Cancer Med., 8(12):5651-5661.
  12. Chariot A, Castronovo V, Le P, Gillet C, Sobel ME, Gielen J (1996). Cloning and expression of a new HOXC6 transcript encoding a repressing protein. Biochem J., 319(1):91-97.
  13. Tait DL, Bahrani-Mostafavi Z, Vestal CG, Richardson C, Mostafavi MT (2015). Downregulation of HOXC6 in serous ovarian cancer. Cancer Invest., 33(7):303-311.
  14. Long X, You G, Wu Q ve ark (2020). Abnormal expression of homeobox C6 in the atherosclerotic aorta and its effect on proliferation and migration of rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin., 52(9):935-943.
  15. Ansari KI, Hussain I, Shrestha B, Kasiri S, Mandal SS (2011). HOXC6 is transcriptionally regulated via coordination of MLL histone methylase and estrogen receptor. J Mol Biol., 411(2):334-349.
  16. Ramachandran S, Liu P, Young AN ve ark (2005). Loss of HOXC6 expression induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Oncogene., 24(1):188-198.
  17. Harris RM, Fly DE, Synder BG, Meyer RM (1983). The relationship of bovine crown rump measurement to fetal age, Agri-Practice., 4:6-22.
  18. Devkota B, Sasaki M, Takahaski KI, Matsuzaki S, Matsui M, Haneda S, Takahashi M, Osawa T, Miyake YI (2006). Postnatal developmental changes in ımmunohistochemical localization of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and vimentin in bovine testis. J Reprod Dev., 52(1):43-49.
  19. Chen DB, Zheng J (2014). Regulation of placental angiogenesis. Microcirculation., 21(1):15-25.
  20. Murthi P, Abumaree M, Kalionis B (2014). Analysis of homeobox gene action in placental angiogenesis. Front Pharmacol., 5:133.
  21. Aghila Rani KG, Pandit H, Subedi R ve ark (2026). Molecular insights on proangiogenic effects of VEGF-like growth factor. Sci Rep., 16(1):2787.
  22. Pîrlog LM, Pătrășcanu AA, Ona MD, Cătană A, Rotar IC (2025). HOXA10 and HOXA11 in human endometrial benign disorders. Biomolecules., 15(4):563.
  23. Daftary GS, Taylor HS (2006). Endocrine regulation of HOX genes. Endocr Rev., 27(4):331-355.
  24. Shah CA, Bei L, Wang H, Platanias LC, Eklund EA (2012). HoxA10 protein regulates transcription of FGF2 gene. J Biol Chem., 287(22):18230-18248.
  25. Dadzadi M, Ramazi S, Darvazi M, Yoosefi S, Abbasi M, Farsad S (2026). The Homeobox genes: Classification, regulation, biological functions, and diseases. MedComm., 7(4):e70651.
  26. Park H, Choi HJ, Kim J ve ark (2011). Homeobox D1 regulates angiogenic functions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun., 408(1):186-192.
  27. Shah N, Sukumar S (2010). The Hox genes and their roles in oncogenesis. Nat Rev Cancer., 10(5):361-371.
  28. Tang L, Cao Y, Song X ve ark (2019). HOXC6 promotes migration and proliferation in esophageal carcinoma. PeerJ., 7:e6607.
  29. Hussain I, Bhan A, Ansari KI ve ark (2015). Bisphenol-A induces HOXC6 expression. Biochim Biophys Acta., 1849(6):697-708.
  30. Chang SL, Chan TC, Chen TJ, Lee SW, Lin LC, Win KT (2017). HOXC6 overexpression and prognosis in NPC patients. J Cancer., 8(9):1647-1654.
  31. Zhang Y (2013). Epidemiology of esophageal cancer. World J Gastroenterol, 19(34):5598-5606.
  32. Sui CJ, Xu F, Shen WF ve ark (2016). MicroRNA-147 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma via HOXC6. Am J Cancer Res, 6(12): 2787-2798.
  33. Klein D, Benchellal M, Kleff V, Jakob HG, Ergün S (2013). Hox genes in vascular wall stem cell differentiation. Sci Rep., 3:2178.