Journals / Dicle Tıp Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 53 Sayı: 3

Immunological Evaluation of Children with Behçet's Disease

Behçet Hastalığı olan Çocukların İmmünolojik Değerlendirilmesi

Yasin Karalı(ULUDAG UNIVERSITY)
Zuhal Karalı(Uludag University)
Sara Şebnem Kılıç(Uludag University)
Pages
687–699
Publication Date
2026-09-11
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

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⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

These findings suggest that immunological assessment may contribute to the monitoring of children with BD; however, controlled studies are needed to determine whether it can inform treatment decisions.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: Behçet's disease (BD) is a rare, chronic, systemic inflammatory condition characterized by features of both autoinflammation and vasculitis.
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Key Findings & Data:Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of the medical records of 50 children with BD, aged 0–18 years, followed at a single pediatric rheumatology center between January 2011 and 2023.
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Conclusion & Impact:These findings suggest that immunological assessment may contribute to the monitoring of children with BD; however, controlled studies are needed to determine whether it can inform treatment decisions.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2011 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Behçet hastalığı · Çocuklar · İmmünoglobulinler

Abstract

Objective: Behçet's disease (BD) is a rare, chronic, systemic inflammatory condition characterized by features of both autoinflammation and vasculitis. This study aimed to investigate the clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and immunological features of children with BD, and to evaluate their treatment response. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of the medical records of 50 children with BD, aged 0–18 years, followed at a single pediatric rheumatology center between January 2011 and 2023. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and immunological data were collected, including serum immunoglobulin levels (interpreted according to age-specific reference values), lymphocyte subsets, and treatment response. Results: The cohort comprised 24 males (48%) and 26 females (52%). The mean age at diagnosis was 11.12±4.24 years, with an average diagnostic delay of 2.08 years. A family history of BD was present in 20 patients (40%). Oral aphthous ulcers were the most common manifestation (96%), followed by gastrointestinal involvement and genital ulcers (each 34%), musculoskeletal involvement (58%), uveitis (18%), neurological (18%), and vascular involvement (10%). HLA-B51 was positive in 39 patients (78%), and MEFV variants in 5 of 16 tested (31.2%). Before treatment, 13 of 34 patients (38.2%) showed a reduction in at least one serum immunoglobulin (IgG in 5, IgM in 6, and IgA in 2, all below −2 SD); one patient with low IgG developed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) after COVID-19 and received intravenous immunoglobulin for 6 months. Decreased T, B, and/or natural killer (NK) cells in the lymphocyte subset were detected in 15 out of 30 patients (50%). Although changes in lymphocyte subgroup counts and/or decreased immunoglobulin levels were detected in patients with oral aphthous ulcers and gastrointestinal involvement, immune tests were normal in most patients with neurological or vascular involvement. Colchicine was the most frequently prescribed medication (90%), followed by systemic corticosteroids (24%) and biological agents (18%); clinical improvement was observed in 32 patients (64%), and of the nine patients with uveitis, eight received treatment, of whom five achieved complete recovery. Conclusion: In our study, we observed antibody deficiencies and alterations in lymphocyte subsets, particularly in patients with gastrointestinal mucosal involvement and oral and genital aphthous ulcers. These findings suggest that immunological assessment may contribute to the monitoring of children with BD; however, controlled studies are needed to determine whether it can inform treatment decisions.

Özet

Amaç: Behçet hastalığı (BH), hem otoinflamasyon hem de vaskülit özellikleriyle karakterize, nadir, kronik, sistemik inflamatuar bir hastalıktır. Bu çalışma, Behçet hastalığı olan çocukların klinik bulgularını, laboratuvar bulgularını ve immünolojik özelliklerini araştırmayı ve tedavi yanıtlarını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Yöntemler: Ocak 2011 ile 2023 yılları arasında tek bir çocuk romatolojisi merkezinde takip edilen, 0–18 yaş aralığındaki BH tanılı 50 çocuğun tıbbi kayıtları retrospektif olarak analiz edildi. Demografik, klinik, laboratuvar ve immünolojik veriler toplandı; bunlara serum immünoglobulin düzeyleri (yaşa uygun referans değerlerine göre yorumlandı), lenfosit alt grupları ve tedavi yanıtı dâhildi. Bulgular: Kohort 24 erkek (%48) ve 26 kız (%52) hastadan oluşuyordu. Tanı anındaki ortalama yaş 11,12±4,24 yıl olup, ortalama tanı gecikmesi 2,08 yıldı. Yirmi hastada (%40) ailede Behçet hastalığı öyküsü mevcuttu. Oral aftöz ülserler en sık görülen bulguydu (%96); bunu gastrointestinal tutulum ve genital ülserler (her biri %34), kas-iskelet sistemi tutulumu (%58), üveit (%18), nörolojik (%18) ve vasküler tutulum (%10) izledi. HLA-B51, 39 hastada (%78) pozitifti ve MEFV varyantları test edilen 16 hastanın 5'inde (%31,2) saptandı. Tedavi öncesinde, 34 hastanın 13'ünde (%38,2) en az bir serum immünoglobulin düzeyinde azalma görüldü (5 hastada IgG, 6 hastada IgM, 2 hastada IgA; tümü −2 SD altında); düşük IgG'si olan bir hastada COVID-19 sonrası MIS-C gelişti ve 6 ay boyunca intravenöz immünoglobulin tedavisi aldı. Lenfosit alt grubunda T, B ve/veya NK hücrelerinde azalma 30 hastanın 15'inde (%50) saptandı. Lenfosit alt grubu sayılarındaki değişiklikler ve/veya immünoglobulin düzeylerindeki azalmalar oral aftöz ülser ve gastrointestinal tutulumu olan hastalarda saptanırken, nörolojik veya vasküler tutulumu olan hastaların çoğunda immün testler normaldi. Kolşisin en sık reçete edilen ilaçtı (%90); bunu sistemik kortikosteroidler (%24) ve biyolojik ajanlar (%18) izledi. Otuz iki hastada (%64) klinik düzelme gözlendi ve üveit nedeniyle tedavi edilen 8 hastanın 5'inde biyolojik ajanlarla tam iyileşme sağlandı. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda, özellikle gastrointestinal mukozal tutulumu ve oral ile genital aftöz ülserleri olan hastalarda antikor eksiklikleri ve lenfosit alt gruplarında değişiklikler gözlemledik. Bu bulgular, immünolojik değerlendirmenin Behçet hastalığı olan çocukların takibine katkı sağlayabileceğini düşündürmektedir; ancak tedaviyi yönlendirip yönlendiremeyeceğini belirlemek için kontrollü çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

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Cite This Article

Karalı, Y., Karalı, Z., Kılıç, S. Ş. (2026). Immunological Evaluation of Children with Behçet's Disease. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, Cilt: 53 Sayı: 3, 687–699. https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.2037083

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