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Journals / Çocuk Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1

Inborn Errors of Immunity Awareness Among Physicians: Multicenter Data from Türkiye

Ezgi Yalcin Gungoren(UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, İSTANBUL ŞİŞLİ HAMİDİYE ETFAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER)0000-0003-0958-7824
Merve Yüzbaşıoğlu(Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Family Physician, Istanbul)0000-0002-8892-1503
Emre Aygün(UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, İSTANBUL ŞİŞLİ HAMİDİYE ETFAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER)0000-0002-0546-327X
Nilay Çalışkan(UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, İSTANBUL ŞİŞLİ HAMİDİYE ETFAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER)0000-0002-5546-0034
Melek Yorgun Altunbas(MARMARA UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-4832-2928
Sevgi Sipahi Çimen(UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, İSTANBUL ŞİŞLİ HAMİDİYE ETFAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER)0000-0003-3026-0906
Asena Pınar Sefer(RECEP TAYYIP ERDOGAN UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-2667-0291
Pages
53–62
Publication Date
2026-06-15
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Overall, 63.5% had previously evaluated a child with IEI, but independent diagnosis was mainly confined to pediatric subspecialists (57.4%) and pediatricians (47.4%), and was rare among family physicians and general practitioners (3–6%).

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objective : To assess the awareness, diagnostic approach, and perceived barriers related to inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) among physicians caring for pediatric patients in Türkiye.
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Key Findings & Data:Methods : In this cross-sectional online survey (July–October 2025), 488 physicians completed a 44-item questionnaire covering ten domains, including demographics, IEI-related education, recognition of clinical warning signs, use of immunologic tests, referral patterns, and perceived barriers.
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Conclusion & Impact:Overall, 63.5% had previously evaluated a child with IEI, but independent diagnosis was mainly confined to pediatric subspecialists (57.4%) and pediatricians (47.4%), and was rare among family physicians and general practitioners (3–6%).
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:2025 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Inborn Errors of Immunity · Primary Immunodeficiency · Clinical Decision-Making

Abstract

Objective : To assess the awareness, diagnostic approach, and perceived barriers related to inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) among physicians caring for pediatric patients in Türkiye. Methods : In this cross-sectional online survey (July–October 2025), 488 physicians completed a 44-item questionnaire covering ten domains, including demographics, IEI-related education, recognition of clinical warning signs, use of immunologic tests, referral patterns, and perceived barriers. Participants comprised pediatric specialists, pediatric residents, pediatric subspecialty fellows/attendings, family medicine specialists/residents, and general practitioners. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and group comparisons were performed using the chi-square test (p<0.05). Results: The mean age of participants was 33.7±6.5 years; 61.9% worked in university or training and research hospitals. Overall, 63.5% had previously evaluated a child with IEI, but independent diagnosis was mainly confined to pediatric subspecialists (57.4%) and pediatricians (47.4%), and was rare among family physicians and general practitioners (3–6%). Recognition of IEI-associated clinical features showed a clear specialty gradient: pediatric subspecialists consistently achieved the highest scores across infectious, autoimmune/inflammatory, dermatologic, neurological/syndromic, and growth/genetic domains, whereas family physicians and general practitioners demonstrated significantly lower recognition (p<0.001 across domains). Only 52.7% of physicians had heard of the Jeffrey Modell warning signs; however, 82% expressed their willingness to receive further IEI-focused education. Major reported barriers included limited laboratory capacity, insufficient training, difficult access to immunology specialists, and complex referral pathways. Conclusion: Substantial gaps in IEI knowledge and diagnostic practices exist, particularly in non-infectious domains and among primary care physicians in Türkiye. Targeted educational programs, improved access to immunologic testing, and streamlined referral pathways are urgently needed to facilitate earlier recognition and better outcomes for children with suspected IEI.

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Cite This Article

Gungoren, E. Y., Yüzbaşıoğlu, M., Aygün, E., Çalışkan, N., Altunbas, M. Y., Çimen, S. S., Sefer, A. P., *, E. Y. G. (2026). Inborn Errors of Immunity Awareness Among Physicians: Multicenter Data from Türkiye. Çocuk Dergisi, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1, 53–62. https://doi.org/10.26650/jchild.2026.1879208

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