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Journals / Anatolian Bryology / 2026 / Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1

Determination of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Trace Element Levels Using Moss Biomonitoring: A Case Study of Kocaeli

Biyomonitör Karayosunları Kullanılarak Atmosferik Polisiklik Aromatik Hidrokarbonların ve İz Elementlerin Birikimlerinin Belirlenmesi: Kocaeli Örneği

Gülsüm Koçak(GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-7783-0027
Muhammet Ören(ZONGULDAK BÜLENT ECEVİT ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN-EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ, BİYOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ)0000-0003-1839-3087
Hasan Çabuk(ZONGULDAK BÜLENT ECEVİT ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN-EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ, KİMYA BÖLÜMÜ, ANALİTİK KİMYA ANABİLİM DALI)0000-0001-9476-0673
Pages
33–43
Publication Date
2025-06-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

As a result of the t-test analysis, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the two species for all parameters except benz[a]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene, and H. cupressiforme accumulated more.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Mosses are frequently preferred as biomonitors due to their distribution over wide areas and their underdeveloped structure compared to vascular plants.
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Key Findings & Data:In this study, the concentration values of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and trace elements in Kocaeli province were investigated using Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. collected from 52 localities and Pseudoscleropodium purum (Hedw.) M.Fleisch. collected from 22 localities.
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Conclusion & Impact:As a result of the t-test analysis, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the two species for all parameters except benz[a]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene, and H. cupressiforme accumulated more.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Biyolojik izleme · Kocaeli · karayosunu

Abstract

Mosses are frequently preferred as biomonitors due to their distribution over wide areas and their underdeveloped structure compared to vascular plants. In this study, the concentration values of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and trace elements in Kocaeli province were investigated using Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. collected from 52 localities and Pseudoscleropodium purum (Hedw.) M.Fleisch. collected from 22 localities. The analysis of trace elements in these species was carried out by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and PAH analyses were carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). As a result of the study, the average PAH concentration value was determined to be 193.84 ng/g, and the two compounds with the highest values were phenanthrene (60.98 ng/g) and benzo[k]fluorene (22.60 ng/g), respectively. In the trace element analysis results, aluminum had the highest value with 4639.87 µg/g, while cadmium was the heavy metal with the lowest accumulation with 0.3 µg/g. It was determined that the concentration values were ranked from largest to smallest as Al>Fe>Zn>Cu>Cr>Pb>Ni>V>Sn>Co>Mo>As>Sb>Hg>Cd. The relationships between tracers and PAHs were examined using Pearson correlation analysis (SPSS Version 19.0), and it was determined that a significant relationship existed between the two. We compared the accumulation concentrations of H. cupressiforme and P. purum samples using a t-test. As a result of the t-test analysis, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the two species for all parameters except benz[a]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene, and H. cupressiforme accumulated more.

Özet

Karayosunları, vasküler bitkilerle karşılaştırıldığında geniş alanlara dağılım göstermeleri, yapılarının bu bitkilere kıyasla az gelişmiş olması sebebiyle biyomonitör olarak sıklıkla tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, 52 lokaliteden toplanan Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. ve 22 lokaliteden toplanan Pseudoscleropodium purum (Hedw.) M.Fleisch. kullanılarak, Kocaeli ilinin atmosferik polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbon (PAH) ve iz elementlerin konsantrasyon değerleri araştırılmıştır. Bu türlerdeki iz elementlerin analizleri indüktif eşleşmiş plazma-kütle spektrometresi (ICP-MS), PAH analizleri ise yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografisi (HPLC) ile yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda ortalama PAH konsantrasyon değeri 193.84 ng/g olarak tespit edilmiş olup, sırasıyla fenantren (60.98 ng/g) ve benzo[k]florenten (22.60 ng/g) en yüksek değere sahip iki bileşik olmuştur. İz element analiz sonuçlarında ise 4639.87 µg/g ile alüminyum en yüksek değere sahipken, 0.3 µg/g ile kadmiyum en düşük birikim gösteren ağır metal olmuştur. Konsantrasyon değerlerinin büyükten küçüğe Al>Fe>Zn>Cu>Cr>Pb>Ni>V>Sn>Co>Mo>As>Sb>Hg>Cd olacak şekilde sıralandığı tespit edilmiştir. Pearson korelasyon analizi (SPSS Version 19.0) ile iz elementler ve PAH’lar arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiş ve ikisi arasında anlamlı ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. H. cupressiforme ve P. purum örneklerinin birikim konsantrasyonları t testi ile karşılaştırılmıştır. t testi analizi sonucunda iki tür arasında benz[a]antrasen ve benzo[a]piren hariç diğer parametreler için istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğu H. cupressiforme’nin daha fazla birikim yaptığı tespit edilmiştir.

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Cite This Article

Koçak, G., Ören, M., Çabuk, H. (2025). Determination of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Trace Element Levels Using Moss Biomonitoring: A Case Study of Kocaeli. Anatolian Bryology, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 33–43. https://doi.org/10.26672/anatolianbryology.1703780

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