Journals / Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 52

Preliminary Evaluation of Interocular Agreement and Biometric Associations of Cone Photoreceptor Metrics in Healthy Young Adults Using Confocal Retinal Imaging

Konfokal Retinal Görüntüleme Kullanılarak Sağlıklı Genç Erişkinlerde Koni Fotoreseptör Parametrelerinin Gözler Arası Uyumunun ve Biyometrik İlişkilerinin Ön Değerlendirmesi

Serap Karaca(Göztepe Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, İstanbul, Türkiye.)0000-0003-0325-2804
Osman Kızılay(Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Disease Training and Research Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, İstanbul, Türkiye.)0000-0002-0948-3550
Furkan Kırık(Bezmialem Vakıf University Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, İstanbul, Türkiye.)0000-0001-5846-8536
Bilge Batu Oto(İstanbul University, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, İstanbul, Türkiye.)0000-0002-9729-2577
Gökhan Çelik(Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Disease Training and Research Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, İstanbul, Türkiye.)0000-0003-2111-0420
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-10-06
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

These findings indicate good within-eye repeatability after exclusion of segmentation-failure measurements, while the association between axial length and cone density was sensitive to the magnification-correction procedure and should therefore be interpreted cautiously.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:This study evaluated the interocular agreement and within-eye repeatability of cone photoreceptor metrics measured using a confocal cone analysis system in healthy young adults, as well as their associations with ocular dominance and axial length.
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Key Findings & Data:This cross-sectional study included 94 eyes from 47 healthy participants.
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Conclusion & Impact:These findings indicate good within-eye repeatability after exclusion of segmentation-failure measurements, while the association between axial length and cone density was sensitive to the magnification-correction procedure and should therefore be interpreted cautiously.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Koni fotoreseptörleri · Konfokal retinal görüntüleme · Aksiyel uzunluk

Abstract

This study evaluated the interocular agreement and within-eye repeatability of cone photoreceptor metrics measured using a confocal cone analysis system in healthy young adults, as well as their associations with ocular dominance and axial length. This cross-sectional study included 94 eyes from 47 healthy participants. Cone density and cone diameter were measured from fovea-centered 3 × 3 mm images obtained using the MicroClear CRO system (MicroClear Biomedical Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China). Magnification-corrected and original uncorrected cone measurements were analyzed. Interocular agreement was assessed using paired comparisons, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Bland–Altman analysis. Within-eye repeatability was evaluated from two repeated measurements per eye using the within-subject standard deviation, coefficient of repeatability (CoR), ICC, and Bland–Altman analysis. Associations with axial length were examined using Spearman correlation and generalized estimating equation (GEE) models. No significant interocular differences were observed for magnification-corrected cone density (mean difference, −763 cells/mm²; 95% confidence interval [CI], −2,799 to 1,273; p = 0.455; ICC = 0.679) or cone diameter (mean difference, 0.07 μm; 95% CI, −0.12 to 0.27; p = 0.455; ICC = 0.359). After exclusion of four measurements with automated segmentation failure, within-eye repeatability was good for both cone density (CoR = 4,937 cells/mm²; ICC = 0.924) and cone diameter (CoR = 0.40 μm; ICC = 0.941). Cone photoreceptor parameters were also similar between dominant and nondominant eyes. At the participant level, magnification-corrected cone density showed a moderate negative correlation with axial length (Spearman ρ = −0.545; p < 0.001), and this association remained significant in the adjusted GEE model (β = −5,914.39 cells/mm²/mm; 95% CI, −8,567.73 to −3,261.06; p < 0.001). In contrast, axial length was not significantly associated with uncorrected cone density in either the participant-level correlation analysis (Spearman ρ = −0.121; p = 0.419) or the adjusted GEE model (β = −1,798.92 cells/mm²/mm; 95% CI, −4,104.46 to 506.62; p = 0.126). These findings indicate good within-eye repeatability after exclusion of segmentation-failure measurements, while the association between axial length and cone density was sensitive to the magnification-correction procedure and should therefore be interpreted cautiously.

Özet

Bu çalışmada, sağlıklı genç erişkinlerde konfokal koni analiz sistemi kullanılarak ölçülen koni fotoreseptör parametrelerinin gözler arası uyumu ve göz içi tekrarlanabilirliği ile bu parametrelerin oküler dominans ve aksiyel uzunluk ile ilişkileri değerlendirildi. Bu kesitsel çalışmaya 47 sağlıklı katılımcının 94 gözü dahil edildi. Koni yoğunluğu ve koni çapı, MicroClear CRO sistemi (MicroClear Biomedical Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Çin) kullanılarak elde edilen fovea merkezli 3 × 3 mm görüntülerden ölçüldü. Magnifikasyon düzeltmesi uygulanmış ve orijinal düzeltilmemiş koni ölçümleri analiz edildi. Gözler arası uyum, eşleştirilmiş karşılaştırmalar, sınıf içi korelasyon katsayıları (ICC) ve Bland–Altman analizi kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Göz içi tekrarlanabilirlik, her gözden elde edilen iki tekrarlı ölçüm kullanılarak denek içi standart sapma, tekrarlanabilirlik katsayısı (CoR), ICC ve Bland–Altman analizi ile değerlendirildi. Aksiyel uzunluk ile ilişkiler Spearman korelasyon analizi ve genelleştirilmiş tahmin denklemi (GEE) modelleri kullanılarak incelendi. Magnifikasyon düzeltmesi uygulanmış koni yoğunluğu (ortalama fark, −763 hücre/mm²; %95 güven aralığı [GA], −2.799 ile 1.273; p = 0,455; ICC = 0,679) veya koni çapı (ortalama fark, 0,07 μm; %95 GA, −0,12 ile 0,27; p = 0,455; ICC = 0,359) açısından gözler arasında anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Otomatik segmentasyon hatası bulunan dört ölçüm dışlandıktan sonra, hem koni yoğunluğu (CoR = 4.937 hücre/mm²; ICC = 0,924) hem de koni çapı (CoR = 0,40 μm; ICC = 0,941) için göz içi tekrarlanabilirlik yüksekti. Koni fotoreseptör parametreleri dominant ve nondominant gözler arasında da benzerdi. Katılımcı düzeyinde, magnifikasyon düzeltmesi uygulanmış koni yoğunluğu ile aksiyel uzunluk arasında orta düzeyde negatif korelasyon saptandı (Spearman ρ = −0,545; p < 0,001) ve bu ilişki düzeltilmiş GEE modelinde de anlamlılığını korudu (β = −5.914,39 Ç İ S. Karaca et al. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty 52, 1966222, 2026 2 hücre/mm²/mm; %95 GA, −8.567,73 ile −3.261,06; p < 0,001). Buna karşılık, aksiyel uzunluk ile düzeltilmemiş koni yoğunluğu arasında katılımcı düzeyindeki korelasyon analizinde (Spearman ρ = −0,121; p = 0,419) veya düzeltilmiş GEE modelinde (β = −1.798,92 hücre/mm²/mm; %95 GA, −4.104,46 ile 506,62; p = 0,126) anlamlı ilişki saptanmadı. Bu bulgular, segmentasyon hatası bulunan ölçümler dışlandığında göz içi tekrarlanabilirliğin iyi olduğunu, aksiyel uzunluk ile koni yoğunluğu arasındaki ilişkinin ise magnifikasyon düzeltme işlemine duyarlı olduğunu ve bu nedenle dikkatle yorumlanması gerektiğini göstermektedir.

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Cite This Article

Karaca, S., Kızılay, O., Kırık, F., Oto, B. B., Çelik, G., *, S. K. (2026). Preliminary Evaluation of Interocular Agreement and Biometric Associations of Cone Photoreceptor Metrics in Healthy Young Adults Using Confocal Retinal Imaging. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 52. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1966222

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