Journals / Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 52

Clinical Characteristics, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Prognosis of Candidozyma auris Infections: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Candidozyma auris Enfeksiyonlarının Klinik Özellikleri, Antifungal Duyarlılığı ve Prognozu: Tek Merkezli Retrospektif Çalışma

Esra Kazak(Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0002-7380-2501
Emel Yilmaz(Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0002-3894-1231
Zilan Konak(BURSA ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ)0009-0005-1485-3519
Büşra Çalışır(Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine Medical Microbiology Department, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0001-6257-5422
Uğur Önal(Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0001-6194-3254
Melek Öztürk Demir(Bursa Uludag University Hospital Infection Control Committee, Bursa, Türkiye.)0009-0005-0752-1129
Esma Souleiman(Bursa Uludag University Hospital Infection Control Committee, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0002-6678-5096
Hafize Aysun Yılmaz(Bursa Uludag University Hospital Infection Control Committee, Bursa, Türkiye.)0009-0002-1951-4864
Habibe İmer(Bursa Uludag University Hospital Infection Control Committee, Bursa, Türkiye.)0009-0008-0622-4933
Hatice Aydın Tüfekçi(Bursa Uludag University Hospital Infection Control Committee, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0001-9253-6061
Gül Çalışkan(Bursa Uludag University Hospital Infection Control Committee, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0001-6141-5400
Laman Aliyeva(Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Bursa, Türkiye.)0009-0009-1303-9856
Yasemin Heper(Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0002-6635-5416
Cüneyt Özakın(Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine Medical Microbiology Department, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0001-5428-3630
Beyza Ener(Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine Medical Microbiology Department, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0002-4803-8206
Halis Akalın(Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0001-7530-1279
Pages
—
Publication Date
2026-09-02
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Overall, in-hospital mortality was 46.9%.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Candidozyma auris (formerly Candida auris) is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen associated with healthcare-associated infections and high mortality.
📊
Key Findings & Data:This retrospective cohort study included patients with at least one clinical specimen positive for C. auris between May 2023 and June 2025.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Overall, in-hospital mortality was 46.9%.
🔬Design:Experimental Field Trial
📍Scope:2023 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Candidozyma auris · Kandidemi · Kolonizasyon

Abstract

Candidozyma auris (formerly Candida auris) is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen associated with healthcare-associated infections and high mortality. This study evaluated the clinical characteristics, antifungal susceptibility profiles, and risk factors for candidemia and mortality in patients with C. auris isolation. This retrospective cohort study included patients with at least one clinical specimen positive for C. auris between May 2023 and June 2025. Patients were classified as having colonization or infection based on clinical and microbiological criteria. Trend analysis evaluated changes across colonization, non-bloodstream infection, and candidemia, and risk factors for candidemia and mortality were assessed using Firth penalized logistic regression. Forty-nine patients were included (median age, 67 years), of whom 63.3% were in the intensive care unit at the time of isolation. Colonization and infection were identified in 55.1% and 44.9% of patients, respectively, with candidemia being the most common presentation (68.2% of infections). The frequencies of intensive care unit stay, central venous catheter use, and total parenteral nutrition increased significantly from colonization to candidemia (p for trend <0.05). In multivariable analysis, intensive care unit stay (aOR 4.2, p=0.03) and total parenteral nutrition (aOR 6.9, p=0.04) were independently associated with candidemia. All isolates were resistant to fluconazole, echinocandins showed high in vitro activity, and amphotericin B MICs were ≥2 μg/mL in 64.3% of isolates. Overall, in-hospital mortality was 46.9%. Charlson Comorbidity Index, total parenteral nutrition, and clinically significant infection were independently associated with in-hospital mortality.

Özet

Candidozyma auris (eski adıyla Candida auris), sağlık hizmetiyle ilişkili enfeksiyonlar ve yüksek mortalite ile ilişkili, çok ilaca dirençli, yeni ortaya çıkan bir fungal patojendir. Bu çalışmada, C. auris izole edilen hastalarda klinik özelliklerin, antifungal duyarlılık profillerinin ve kandidemi ile mortalite için risk faktörlerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu retrospektif kohort çalışmasına, Mayıs 2023 ile Haziran 2025 tarihleri arasında en az bir klinik örneğinde C. auris saptanan hastalar dahil edilmiştir. Hastalar, klinik ve mikrobiyolojik kriterlere göre kolonizasyon veya enfeksiyon olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Kolonizasyon, kan dolaşımı dışı enfeksiyon ve kandidemi arasındaki değişimleri değerlendirmek amacıyla trend analizi ile değerlendirilmiş; kandidemi ve hastane içi mortalite ile ilişkili risk faktörleri Firth cezalandırılmış lojistik regresyon analizi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmaya medyan yaşı 67 olan 49 hasta dahil edilmiş olup, izolasyon sırasında hastaların %63,3'ü yoğun bakım ünitesinde izlenmekteydi. Hastaların %55,1'inde kolonizasyon, %44,9'unda ise enfeksiyon saptanmış olup, enfeksiyon tablosu içinde en sık kandidemi (%68,2) saptanmıştır. Yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatış, santral venöz kateter varlığı ve total parenteral nütrisyon kullanım sıklığı kolonizasyondan kandidemiye doğru anlamlı olarak artış göstermiştir (trend için p<0,05). Çok değişkenli analizde, yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatış (düzeltilmiş OR [aOR] 4,2; p=0,03) ve total parenteral nütrisyon (aOR 6,9; p=0,04) kandidemi ile bağımsız olarak ilişkili bulunmuştur. Tüm izolatlar flukonazole dirençli bulunurken, ekinokandinler yüksek in vitro aktivite göstermiş, izolatların %64,3'ünde amfoterisin B için minimum inhibitör konsantrasyonu (MİK) ≥2 μg/mL olarak saptanmıştır. Hastane içi mortalite %46,9 olarak bulunmuştur. Charlson Komorbidite İndeksi, total parenteral nütrisyon ve klinik olarak anlamlı enfeksiyon, hastane içi mortalite ile bağımsız olarak ilişkili bulunmuştur.

🔖

Cite This Article

Kazak, E., Yilmaz, E., Konak, Z., Çalışır, B., Önal, U., Demir, M. Ö., Souleiman, E., Yılmaz, H. A., İmer, H., Tüfekçi, H. A., Çalışkan, G., Aliyeva, L., Heper, Y., Özakın, C., Ener, B., Akalın, H., *, E. K. (2026). Clinical Characteristics, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Prognosis of Candidozyma auris Infections: A Single-Center Retrospective Study. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 52. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1930101

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (22)

  1. Chowdhary A, Sharma C, Meis JF. Candida auris: a rapidly emerging cause of hospital acquired multidrug-resistant fungal infections globally. PLoS Pathog. 2017;13(5):e1006290. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006290
  2. Tsay S, Kallen A, Jackson BR, Chiller TM, Vallabhaneni S. Approach to the investigation and management of patients with Candida auris, an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(2):306-311. doi:10.1093/cid/cix744
  3. Kohlenberg A, Monnet DL, Plachouras D, Candida auris Survey Collaborative Group. Increasing number of cases and outbreaks caused by Candida auris in the EU/EEA, 2020 to 2021. Euro Surveill. 2022;27(46):2200846. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.46.2200846
  4. Garcia-Bustos V, Puchades F, Alonso-Ecenarro F, et al. Development and validation of the AURIS score for predicting candidaemia in Candidozyma auris-colonised patients in the intensive care unit: a bicentric retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2026;26(7):671-679. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(26)00002-2
  5. Jeffery-Smith A, Taori SK, Schelenz S, et al. Candida auris: a review of the literature. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018;31(1):e00029-17. doi:10.1128/CMR.00029-17
  6. Cortegiani A, Misseri G, Fasciana T, et al. Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, resistance, and treatment of infections by Candida auris. J Intensive Care. 2018;6:69. doi:10.1186/s40560-018-0342-4
  7. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Survey on the epidemiological situation, laboratory capacity and preparedness for Candidozyma (Candida) auris, 2024. Stockholm: ECDC; 2025. doi:10.2900/2025052
  8. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health. Candida auris in Healthcare Services. Ankara, Türkiye: Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health;2025. [Accessed: March 6, 2026]. Available from: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/bulasici-hastaliklar-ve-erken-uyari-db/Dokumanlar/Afisler-Brosurler/2025/Ek_Saglik_Hizmetlerinde_C._auris.pdf
  9. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts. CLSI standard M27. 4th ed. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2017.
  10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC/NHSN Surveillance Definitions for Specific Types of Infections. National Healthcare Safety Network. January 2026. [Accessed: June 10, 2026]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/pscmanual/17pscnosinfdef_current.pdf
  11. Benedict K, Forsberg K, Gold JAW, Baggs J, Lyman M. Candida auris-associated hospitalizations, United States, 2017-2022. Emerg Infect Dis. 2023;29(7):1485-1487. doi:10.3201/eid2907.230540
  12. Lockhart SR, Etienne KA, Vallabhaneni S, et al. Simultaneous emergence of multidrug-resistant Candida auris on 3 continents confirmed by whole-genome sequencing and epidemiological analyses. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(2):134-140. doi:10.1093/cid/ciw691
  13. Kaya A, Eser F, Hasanoğlu I, et al. Risk factors associated with Candida auris candidemia: A single-centre retrospective case-control study. Epidemiol Infect. 2025;153:e131. doi:10.1017/S0950268825100721
  14. Thomas-Rüddel DO, Schlattmann P, Pletz M, Kurzai O, Bloos F. Risk factors for invasive candida infection in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest. 2022;161(2):345-355. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2021.08.081
  15. Munshi A, Almadani F, Ossenkopp J, et al. Risk factors, antifungal susceptibility, complications, and outcome of Candida auris bloodstream infection in a tertiary care center in the western region of Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health. 2024;17(1):182-188. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2023.11.021
  16. Laury JE, Forsberg K, Berkow EL, et al. Candida auris testing by the Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory Network, United States, 2022–2023. Emerg Infect Dis. 2026;32(2):308-310. doi:10.3201/eid3202.251043
  17. Lyman M, Forsberg K, Sexton DJ, et al. Worsening spread ofCandida auris in the United States, 2019 to 2021. Ann Intern Med. 2023;176(4):489-495. doi:10.7326/M22-3469
  18. Lockhart SR. Candida auris and multidrug resistance: Defining the new normal. Fungal Genet Biol. 2019;131:103243. doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2019.103243
  19. Chaabane F, Graf A, Jequier L, Coste AT. Review onantifungal resistance mechanisms in the emerging pathogenCandida auris. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:2788. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02788
  20. Kim HY, Nguyen TA, Kidd S, et al. Candida auris—a systematic review to inform the World Health Organizationfungal priority pathogens list. Med Mycol.2024;62(6):myae042. doi:10.1093/mmy/myae042
  21. Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update bythe Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis.2016;62(4):e1-e50. doi:10.1093/cid/civ933
  22. Ağalar C, Erdem H, Çağ Y, et al. Consensus paper on Candida auris by Türkiye EKMUD, ID-IRI, THSK of Ministry ofHealth of the Republic of Türkiye, KLIMUD, TMC, TARD,and TYBD. Turk J Med Sci. 2025;55(4):1039-1062. doi:10.55730/1300-0144.6059