Journals / Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 52

In Vivo Responses of Arcuate Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) Neurons to Hormonal Challenges Under Chronic High-Fat Diet

Kronik Yüksek Yağlı Diyetin Arkuat Tirozin Hidroksilaz (TH) Nöronlarında Ghrelinle Uyarılan Kalsiyum Yanıtları Üzerindeki İn Vivo Etkileri

Engin Sümer(Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Research Unit, İstanbul, Türkiye.)0000-0002-9228-7963
Habibe Gören(Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Türkiye.)0009-0003-3850-2962
Barış Barın(Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Türkiye.)0000-0003-1455-3186
Yunus Kosif(Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Türkiye.)0009-0008-6958-3650
Özge Başer(Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Türkiye.)0000-0003-0927-8247
Miraç Keleştemur(Istanbul University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Biophysics, Istanbul, Türkiye.)0000-0003-0455-4521
Yavuz Yavuz(University of Iowa, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa City, IA, USA.)0000-0002-2211-9665
Zülfiye Gül(Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Izmir, Türkiye.)0000-0002-8872-0074
Bayram Yılmaz(Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Türkiye.)0000-0002-2674-6535
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-08-24
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Chronic HFD selectively blunts ghrelin-evoked activation of ARC TH neurons while largely preserving basal activity and leptin responsiveness.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Diet-induced obesity disrupts arcuate nucleus (ARC) hormonal signalling, including the development of ghrelin and leptin resistance, phenomena well-characterised in canonical AgRP/NPY neurons but largely unexplored in other orexigenic ARC populations.
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Key Findings & Data:A total of 11 male TH-Cre mice were maintained on standard diet (SD, n=5) or HFD (n=6) for three months.
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Conclusion & Impact:Chronic HFD selectively blunts ghrelin-evoked activation of ARC TH neurons while largely preserving basal activity and leptin responsiveness.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Arkuat çekirdek · tirozin hidroksilaz · yüksek yağlı diyet

Abstract

Diet-induced obesity disrupts arcuate nucleus (ARC) hormonal signalling, including the development of ghrelin and leptin resistance, phenomena well-characterised in canonical AgRP/NPY neurons but largely unexplored in other orexigenic ARC populations. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-expressing ARC neurons represent one such population with established roles in feeding control, yet whether chronic high-fat diet (HFD) exposure impairs their responsiveness to ghrelin and leptin in vivo remains unknown. Here, we investigated how HFD shapes ARC TH neuron Ca²⁺ dynamics across feeding-related states and during acute hormonal challenges using fibre photometry in freely moving TH-Cre mice. A total of 11 male TH-Cre mice were maintained on standard diet (SD, n=5) or HFD (n=6) for three months. A Cre-dependent AAV.Syn.Flex.GCaMP6s virus was injected into the ARC, followed by optical fibre implantation. After at least two weeks of expression, in vivo fiber photometry recordings were performed. Fluorescence signals were calculated as ΔF/F and summarized as area under the curve per minute (AUC/min). Basal activity was assessed during baseline (P1), food exposure (P2), and digestion (P3) under fed and fasted conditions. For hormonal challenges, fed mice received intraperitoneal ghrelin (1 mg/kg) and fasted mice received leptin (5 mg/kg), with analyses conducted across P1–P4 epochs. Basal ARC TH activity was comparable between chow and HFD groups across P1–P3 in both metabolic states. Ghrelin significantly increased ARC TH activity during P2 in chow controls, whereas this response was attenuated in HFD mice (p = 0.043). Leptin produced modest and similar effects in both groups. Chronic HFD selectively blunts ghrelin-evoked activation of ARC TH neurons while largely preserving basal activity and leptin responsiveness.

Özet

Diyet kaynaklı obezitenin, arkuat çekirdek (ARC) hormonal sinyalleşmesini bozarak ghrelin ve leptin direncinin gelişimine yol açtığı yapılan çalışmalar ile ortaya konmuştur. Direnç gelişiminde başta AgRP/NPY nöronları olmak üzere kanonik ARC popülasyonlarının rolleri iyi karakterize edilmiş olsa da diğer oreksijenik ARC popülasyonlarında büyük ölçüde araştırılmamıştır. Tirozin hidroksilaz (TH) eksprese eden ARC nöronları, beslenme kontrolündeki yerleşik rolleriyle böyle bir popülasyonu temsil etmekle birlikte, kronik yüksek yağlı diyet (HFD) maruziyetinin bu nöronların ghrelin ve leptine in vivo yanıt verme kapasitesini olası etkisi henüz bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışma, serbest hareket eden TH-Cre farelerde fiber fotometri kullanılarak HFD'nin ARC TH nöronlarının Ca²⁺ dinamiklerini beslenmeyle ilişkili evreler boyunca ve akut hormonal uyarılar sırasında nasıl şekillendirdiği araştırmak üzere gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toplamda 11 erkek TH-Cre fareler üç ay boyunca standart diyet (SD, n=5) veya HFD (n=6) ile beslenmiştir. ARC’ye Cre-bağımlı AAV.Syn.Flex.GCaMP6s virüsü enjekte edilmiş ve optik fiber implantasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. En az iki haftalık ekspresyon süresinin ardından in vivo fiber fotometri kayıtları alınmıştır. Floresan sinyaller ΔF/F olarak hesaplanmış ve dakika başına eğri altındaki alan (AUC/dk) şeklinde özetlenmiştir. Bazal aktivite, tokluk ve açlık koşullarında başlangıç (P1), besine maruziyet (P2) ve sindirim (P3) evrelerinde değerlendirilmiştir. Hormonal uyarılar için tok farelere intraperitoneal ghrelin (1 mg/kg), aç farelere ise leptin (5 mg/kg) uygulanmış ve analizler P1–P4 evrelerinde yapılmıştır. Bazal ARC TH aktivitesi her iki metabolik durumda da P1–P3 boyunca chow ve HFD grupları arasında benzer bulunmuştur. Ghrelin, chow grubunda P2 sırasında ARC TH aktivitesini anlamlı biçimde artırırken, bu yanıt HFD farelerde baskılanmıştır (p =0.043). Leptin ise her iki grupta benzer ve sınırlı etkiler göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, kronik HFD maruziyeti, ARC TH nöronlarının bazal aktivitesini ve leptin yanıtını büyük ölçüde korurken, ghrelin ile indüklenen aktivasyonu seçici olarak zayıflatmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Sümer, E., Gören, H., Barın, B., Kosif, Y., Başer, Ö., Keleştemur, M., Yavuz, Y., Gül, Z., Yılmaz, B., *, E. S. (2026). In Vivo Responses of Arcuate Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) Neurons to Hormonal Challenges Under Chronic High-Fat Diet. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 52. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1896815

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