SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Kocatepe Veteriner Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3

Evaluation of Relationship Between C-Reactive Protein, Leukocyte Count and Platelet Indices in Dogs with Leukocytosis

Lökositozlu Köpeklerde C-Reaktif Protein, Lökosit Sayısı ve Trombosit İndeksleri Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi

Serkan İrfan Köse(Hatay Mustafa Kemal University)0000-0003-3189-6690
Alper Ertürk(HATAY MUSTAFA KEMAL UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE)0000-0002-4271-7953
Gökhan Uyanık(HATAY MUSTAFA KEMAL UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE)0000-0003-4488-3055
Aliye Sağkan Öztürk(HATAY MUSTAFA KEMAL UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE)0000-0003-1037-6733
Pages
270–279
Publication Date
2024-09-30
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Consequently, in veterinary clinical practice, C-reactive protein measures in dogs may be more applicable in cases where an important rise in WBC over the cut-off value is observed in the complete blood count, commonly used to diagnose inflammatory or infectious status.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:A complete blood count and acute-phase protein analyses are the laboratory tests that are used in veterinary medicine practice.
📊
Key Findings & Data:A total of 135 bloodwork records, from January 2018 to December 2022, of dogs were analyzed.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Consequently, in veterinary clinical practice, C-reactive protein measures in dogs may be more applicable in cases where an important rise in WBC over the cut-off value is observed in the complete blood count, commonly used to diagnose inflammatory or infectious status.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2018 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Köpek · C-reaktif protein · Tam Kan Sayımı

Abstract

A complete blood count and acute-phase protein analyses are the laboratory tests that are used in veterinary medicine practice. Leukocytes, also known as white blood cells (WBCs), are the primary biological components of inflammatory and immunological responses. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a powerful predictor of inflammation and/or infection in veterinary medicine. Starting at that point, the investigation of the alterations and relationship between WBC count, platelet indices, and blood serum CRP levels in dogs with leukocytosis was the aim of this study. A total of 135 bloodwork records, from January 2018 to December 2022, of dogs were analyzed. The inflammatory panel of complete blood count data, including WBC, PLT, MPV, PDW, PCT, and MPV/PLT, and CRP levels in blood serum chemistry analyses were investigated. The inflammatory panel of complete blood count data was categorized according to CRP levels in blood serum chemistry analyses. There was no significant difference in platelet indices according to the blood serum levels of CRP in the dogs’ bloodwork records. The WBC count in dogs with an equal or above 10 mg/dL CRP level was significantly higher than the other levels of CRP. A moderately positive correlation was detected between CRP and WBC in the bloodwork of all dogs, undivided according to inflammatory status, and of dogs with an inflammatory status. Consequently, in veterinary clinical practice, C-reactive protein measures in dogs may be more applicable in cases where an important rise in WBC over the cut-off value is observed in the complete blood count, commonly used to diagnose inflammatory or infectious status.

Özet

Tam kan sayımı ve akut faz protein analizleri veteriner hekimlik uygulamalarında kullanılan laboratuvar testleridir. Beyaz kan hücreleri (WBC'ler) olarak da bilinen lökositler, enflamatuar ve immünolojik yanıtların birincil biyolojik bileşenleridir. C-reaktif protein (CRP) veteriner hekimlikte enflamasyon ve/veya enfeksiyonun güçlü bir belirleyicisidir. Bu noktadan hareketle, lökositozlu köpeklerde WBC sayısı, trombosit indeksleri ve kan serumu CRP seviyeleri arasındaki değişikliklerin ve ilişkinin araştırılması bu çalışmanın amacını oluşturmuştur. Ocak 2018'den Aralık 2022'ye kadar köpeklere ait toplam 135 kan tahlili kaydı analiz edilmiştir. WBC, PLT, MPV, PDW, PCT ve MPV/PLT dahil olmak üzere tam kan sayımı verilerinin enflamatuar paneli ve kan serumu kimyası analizlerinde CRP seviyeleri araştırıldı. Tam kan sayımı verilerinin enflamatuar paneli, kan serumu kimyası analizlerindeki CRP düzeylerine göre kategorize edildi. Köpeklerin kan serumu CRP seviyelerine göre trombosit indekslerinde anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. CRP seviyesi 10 mg/dL ve üzerinde olan köpeklerde WBC sayısı diğer CRP seviyelerine göre anlamlı derecede yüksekti. Yangı durumuna göre ayrılmamış tüm köpeklerin ve yangı durumu olan köpeklerin kan tahlillerinde CRP ve WBC arasında orta düzeyde pozitif bir korelasyon tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, veteriner klinik uygulamalarında, köpeklerde C-reaktif protein ölçümleri, enflamatuar ya da enfeksiyöz durumu teşhis etmek için yaygın olarak kullanılan tam kan sayımında WBC'de kesme değerinin üzerinde önemli bir artış gözlendiği durumlarda daha uygulanabilir olabilir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Köse, S. İ., Ertürk, A., Uyanık, G., Öztürk, A. S. (2024). Evaluation of Relationship Between C-Reactive Protein, Leukocyte Count and Platelet Indices in Dogs with Leukocytosis. Kocatepe Veteriner Dergisi, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3, 270–279. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1515701

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (45)

  1. Alves, A. E., Mota, F. C. D., Fujimoto, T. A. S., Sousa, W. M. R., & Di Filippo, P. A. (2020). Acute Phase Proteins response and their clinical application in veterinary medicine. Veterinária Notícias, 26(1), 82–111. https://doi.org/10.14393/VTN-v26n1-2020-53216
  2. Anziliero, D., Bassi, E., Pain, K. M., Valle, S. D. F., & Kreutz, L. C. (2013). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) measurement in dogs with altered hematological parameters. Ciência Animal Brasileira, 14(2), 265–272. https://doi.org/10.5216/cab.v14i2.9054
  3. Başbuğ, O., Aydoğdu, U., & Ağaoğlu, Z. T. (2020). Evaluation of C-reactive protein, albumin, neopterin, urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor and leukocyte count as prognostic parameters in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 13(4), 375–382. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.736869
  4. Burton, S. A., Honor, D. J., Mackenzie, A. L., Eckersall, P. D., Markham, R. J. F., & Horney, B. S. (1994). C-Reactive protein concentration in dogs with inflammatory leukograms. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 55(5), 613–618. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1994.55.05.613
  5. Casella, S., Fazio, F., Russo, C., Giudice, E., & Piccione, G. (2013). Acute phase proteins response in hunting dogs. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 25(5), 577–580. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638713495851
  6. Cerón, J. J., Eckersall, P. D., & Martínez‐Subiela, S. (2005). Acute phase proteins in dogs and cats: current knowledge and future perspectives. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 34(2), 85–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2005.tb00019.x
  7. Christensen, M. B., Langhorn, R., Goddard, A., Andreasen, E. B., Moldal, E., Tvarijonaviciute, A., Kirpensteijn, J., Jakobsen, S., Persson, F., & Kjelgaard-Hansen, M. (2014). Comparison of serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein as diagnostic markers of systemic inflammation in dogs. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 55(2), 161–168.
  8. De Laforcade, A. M., Rozanski, E. A., Freeman, L. M., & Li, W. (2008). Serial Evaluation of Protein C and Antithrombin in Dogs with Sepsis. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 22(1), 26–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.0021.x
  9. Eckersall, P. D., & Bell, R. (2010). Acute phase proteins: Biomarkers of infection and inflammation in veterinary medicine. Veterinary Journal, 185(1), 23–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.04.009
  10. Fielder, S. E. (2022, November). Hematology Reference Ranges. Merck Veterinary Manual Online. https://www.merckvetmanual.com/special-subjects/reference-guides/hematology-reference-ranges Friedrichs, K. R., Jensen, A. L., & Kjelgaard‐Hansen, M. (2022). Reference Intervals and Decision Limits. In M. B. Brooks, K. E. Harr, D. M. Seelig, K. J. Wardrop, & D. J. Weiss (Eds.), Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology (7th ed., pp. 1273–1284). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119500537.ch140
  11. Galezowski, A. M., Snead, E. C. R., Kidney, B. A., & Jackson, M. L. (2010). C-Reactive Protein as a Prognostic Indicator in Dogs with Acute Abdomen Syndrome. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 22(3), 395–401. https://doi.org/10.1177/104063871002200308
  12. Gebhardt, C., Hirschberger, J., Rau, S., Arndt, G., Krainer, K., Schweigert, F. J., Brunnberg, L., Kaspers, B., & Kohn, B. (2009). Use of C‐reactive protein to predict outcome in dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 19(5), 450–458. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00462.x
  13. Hillström, A., Hagman, R., Tvedten, H., & Kjelgaard‐Hansen, M. (2014). Validation of a commercially available automated canine‐specific immunoturbidimetric method for measuring canine C ‐reactive protein. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 43(2), 235–243. https://doi.org/10.1111/vcp.12150
  14. Hindenberg, S., Bauer, N., & Moritz, A. (2020). Extremely high canine C-reactive protein concentrations > 100 mg/l – prevalence, etiology and prognostic significance. BMC Veterinary Research, 16(1), 147. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02367-7
  15. Hindenberg, S., Keßler, M., Zielinsky, S., Langenstein, J., Moritz, A., & Bauer, N. (2018). Evaluation of a novel quantitative canine species-specific point-of-care assay for C-reactive protein. BMC Veterinary Research, 14(1), 99. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1415-2
  16. Honda, T., Uehara, T., Matsumoto, G., Arai, S., & Sugano, M. (2016). Neutrophil left shift and white blood cell count as markers of bacterial infection. In Clinica Chimica Acta (Vol. 457). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2016.03.017
  17. Jaheen, A. H., Kubesy, A. A., Rakha, G. M., Salem, S. I., & El-Sherif, M. A. (2022). Diagnostic value of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and leukocyte count in canine ehrlichiosis and canine demodicosis. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 31(3), 529–536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-022-03350-4
  18. Kjelgaard‐Hansen, M. (2010). Comments on measurement of C‐reactive protein in dogs. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 39(4), 402–403. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2010.00276.x
  19. Klenner, S., Bauer, N., & Moritz, A. (2010). Evaluation of Three Automated Human Immunoturbidimetric Assays for the Detection of C-Reactive Protein in Dogs. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 22(4), 544–552. https://doi.org/10.1177/104063871002200408
  20. Kocaturk, M., Martinez, S., Eralp, O., Tvarijonaviciute, A., Ceron, J., & Yilmaz, Z. (2010). Prognostic value of serum acute‐phase proteins in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 51(9), 478–483. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2010.00965.x
  21. Köse, S. İ., Köse, A. M., Ürer, E. K., Bahan, O., Gözer, A., & Ambarcıoğlu, P. (2023a). Diagnosis of Transmissible Venereal Tumors in Bitches - Platelet Indices Are a Remarkable Marker? Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 51(1921). https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.132008
  22. Köse, S. İ., Özer, B., Gönenci, R., & Cantekin, Z. (2023b). The Effect of Cefovecin Sodium in Shelter Dogs with Bacterial Lower Respiratory Disease. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 66, e23230096. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2023230096
  23. Köse, S., Maden, M., & Sayın, Z. (2021). Clinical and bacteriological analysis of respiratory tract infections in sheltered dogs and determination of antibacterial treatment options. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 72(4), 3491–3502. https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.29441
  24. Kritsepi-Konstantinou, M., & Oikonomidis, I. L. (2016). The interpretation of leukogram in dog and cat. Hellenic Journal of Companion Animal Medicine, 5(2), 62–68.
  25. Kubesy, A. A., Rakha, G. M., Salem, S. I., & Jaheen, A. H. (2019). Altered blood procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and leucocytes count in association with canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 28(4), 1095–1099. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-019-02941-y
  26. Llewellyn, E. A., Todd, J. M., Sharkey, L. C., & Rendahl, A. (2017). A pilot study evaluating the prognostic utility of platelet indices in dogs with septic peritonitis. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 27(5), 569–578. https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.12628
  27. Malin, K., & Witkowska-Piłaszewicz, O. (2022). C-Reactive Protein as a Diagnostic Marker in Dogs: A Review. In Animals (Vol. 12, Issue 20, p. 2888). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12202888
  28. Martínez‐Subiela, S., Cerón, J. J., & Ginel, P. J. (2004). Effects of different glucocorticoid treatments on serum acute phase proteins in dogs. Veterinary Record, 154(26), 814–817. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.154.26.814
  29. McCourt, M. R., & Rizzi, T. E. (2022). Hematology of Dogs. In M. B. Brooks, K. E. Harr, D. M. Seelig, K. J. Wardrop, & D. J. Weiss (Eds.), Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology (7th ed., pp. 969–982). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119500537.ch108
  30. Moritz, A., Walcheck, B. K., & Weiss, D. J. (2005). Evaluation of flow cytometric and automated methods for detection of activated platelets in dogs with inflammatory disease. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 66(2), 325–329. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.325
  31. Moruzi, R. F., Morar, D., Văduva, C., Boboc, M. G., Dumitrescu, E., Muselin, F., Puvača, N., & Cristina, R. T. (2023). Leukogram patterns significance and prevalence for an accurate diagnosis in dogs. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 74(1), 5193–5202. https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.28696
  32. Murata, H., Shimada, N., & Yoshioka, M. (2004). Current research on acute phase proteins in veterinary diagnosis: an overview. The Veterinary Journal, 168(1), 28–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-0233(03)00119-9
  33. Nakamura, M., Takahashi, M., Ohno, K., Koshino, A., Nakashima, K., Setoguchi, A., Fujino, Y., & Tsujimoto, H. (2008). C-Reactive Protein Concentration in Dogs with Various Diseases. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 70(2), 127–131. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.70.127
  34. Ok, M., Er, C., Yıldız, R., Çöl, R., Aydoğdu, U., Şen, İ., & Güzelbekteş, H. (2015). Sepsisli Köpeklerde Akut Faz Proteinler, Bazı Sitokinler ve Hemostatik Parametrelerin Değerlendirilmesi. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 21(5), 761–766. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2015.13418
  35. Oliveira, P. L. de, Souza, S. L., Bonatto, N. C. M., Silva, N. L. T. da, Mancebo, A. M., Bosculo, M. R. M., Barros, L. D. de, Floriano, B. P., & Almeida, B. F. M. de. (2020). Effect of food intake on complete blood count of healthy dogs. Revista Agraria Academica, 3(6), 105–116. https://doi.org/10.32406/v3n62020/105-116/agrariacad
  36. Otabe, K., Sugimoto, T., Jinbo, T., Honda, M., Kitao, S., Hayashi, S., Shimizu, M., & Yamamoto, S. (1998). Physiological levels of C-reactive protein in normal canine sera. Veterinary Research Communications, 22(2), 77–85. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006071211779
  37. Rejec, A., Butinar, J., Gawor, J., & Petelin, M. (2017). Evaluation of Complete Blood Count Indices (NLR, PLR, MPV/PLT, and PLCRi) in Healthy Dogs, Dogs With Periodontitis, and Dogs With Oropharyngeal Tumors as Potential Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammatory Response. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry, 34(4), 231–240. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898756417731775
  38. Smith, J. R., Smith, K. F., & Brainard, B. M. (2014). Platelet parameters from an automated hematology analyzer in dogs with inflammatory clinical diseases. The Veterinary Journal, 201(3), 406–411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.07.009
  39. Tecles, F., Spiranelli, E., Bonfanti, U., Cerón, J. J., & Paltrinieri, S. (2005). Preliminary Studies of Serum Acute-Phase Protein Concentrations in Hematologic and Neoplastic Diseases of the Dog. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 19(6), 865–870. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2005.tb02779.x
  40. Trub, S. A., Bush, W. W., Paek, M., & Cuff, D. E. (2021). Use of C‐reactive protein concentration in evaluation of diskospondylitis in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 35(1), 209–216. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15981
  41. Weltan, S. M., Leisewitz, A. L., & Goddard, A. (2008). A case‐controlled retrospective study of the causes and implications of moderate to severe leukocytosis in dogs in South Africa. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 37(2), 164–172. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2008.00037.x
  42. Wood, R. D. (2022a, October). Leukogram Abnormalities in Animals. Merck Veterinary Manual Online. https://www.msdvetmanual.com/circulatory-system/leukocyte-disorders/leukogram-abnormalities-in-animals?query=white%20blood%20cell%20counts
  43. Wood, R. D. (2022b, October). Overview of Leukocyte Disorders in Animals. Merck Veterinary Manual Online. https://www.msdvetmanual.com/circulatory-system/leukocyte-disorders/overview-of-leukocyte-disorders-in-animals
  44. Yilmaz, Z., Eralp, O., & Ilcol, Y. O. (2008). Evaluation of platelet count and its association with plateletcrit, mean platelet volume, and platelet size distribution width in a canine model of endotoxemia. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 37(2), 159–163. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2008.00023.x
  45. Yuri Gasparyan, A., Ayvazyan, L., P. Mikhailidis, D., & D. Kitas, G. (2011). Mean Platelet Volume: A Link Between Thrombosis and Inflammation? Current Pharmaceutical Design, 17(1), 47–58. https://doi.org/10.2174/138161211795049804