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Journals / Anadolu Araştırmaları / 2026 / Issue: 27

Hellenistic-Early Roman Imperial Glass Finds from Metropolis (Ionia) Excavations (1989-2021)

Metropolis (Ionia) Kazılarından Hellenistik-Erken Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Cam Buluntuları (1989-2021)

Emine Akkuş Koçak(YOZGAT BOZOK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-7365-0029
Pages
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Publication Date
2023-02-09
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The intense presence of these glass vessels, which are considered among the imported forms, in the city is important in terms of contributing to Anatolian glass studies.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:During the excavations of Metropolis, which is one of the important settlements of Ionia, glass vessels in various forms belonging to the period from the Hellenistic to the Late Byzantine Period were found.
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Key Findings & Data:Among the Metropolis finds, undecorated bowl fragments, which are understood to have been produced by the same method, were also found.
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Conclusion & Impact:The intense presence of these glass vessels, which are considered among the imported forms, in the city is important in terms of contributing to Anatolian glass studies.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Metropolis · Cam · Kalıba Döküm Camlar

Abstract

During the excavations of Metropolis, which is one of the important settlements of Ionia, glass vessels in various forms belonging to the period from the Hellenistic to the Late Byzantine Period were found. The earliest of these consist of a finned bowl fragment, a mosaic bowl fragment, core-formed bottle fragments, a millefiori bowl fragment, and typical bowls of the Late Hellenistic-Early Roman Imperial Period. It is generally accepted that these typical bowls of the period were produced in the Syria-Palestine Region and spread to various regions from there. Thus, they were examined within the scope of a typology made within themselves. In this context, the “Grooved Bowls,” of which many examples are found in Metropolis, as well as the “Ribbed Bowls” and “Linear-Cut Bowls”, which are accepted as their successors, constitute the main groups of such works. Among the Metropolis finds, undecorated bowl fragments, which are understood to have been produced by the same method, were also found. Apart from these vessels, the cast glass dishes of the Early Roman Imperial Period found in Metropolis are important in that they are the latest glass forms produced in the casting technique. The glass vessels mentioned above have been encountered in almost every excavated sector of Metropolis, such as the acropolis, theater, stoa, perystill house, and Lower Bath-Palaestra. The intense presence of these glass vessels, which are considered among the imported forms, in the city is important in terms of contributing to Anatolian glass studies.

Özet

Ionia’nın önemli yerleşim merkezlerinden olan Metropolis kazıları sırasında Hellenistik Dönem’den başlayarak Geç Bizans Dönemi’ne kadar olan uzun sürece ait çok çeşitli cam formları tespit edilmiştir. Bunların en erken tarihli olanları, bir yüzgeçli kâse parçası, bir mozaik kâse parçası, iç kalıp tekniğinde üretilmiş şişe parçaları ve bir millefiori kâse parçası ile Geç Hellenistik-Erken Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’nin tipik kalıba sarkıtma yöntemi ile üretilen kâselerden meydana gelmektedir. Dönemin bu tipik kâselerinin, Suriye-Filistin Bölgesi’nde üretilerek buradan çeşitli coğrafyalara yayıldığı görüşü genellikle kabul görmekte ve kendi içlerinde yapılan bir tipoloji kapsamında incelenmektedirler. Bu bağlamda, Metropolis’te de çok sayıda örneği bulunan “Oluklu Kâseler” ve bunların ardılları olarak kabul edilen “Kaburgalı Kâseler” ile “Çizgisel Kesme Kâseler” başlıca grupları oluşturmaktadır. Metropolis buluntuları arasında ayrıca aynı yöntemle üretilmiş olduğu anlaşılan dekorasyonsuz kâse parçaları da tespit edilmiştir. Bunların dışında, kentte saptanan Erken Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’nin kalıp kullanılarak şekillendirilmiş tabakları ise, döküm tekniğinde üretilmiş en geç cam formları olmaları bakımından ayrı bir yere sahiptir. 1989 yılından bugüne, Metropolis’in akropolis, tiyatro, stoa, peristilli ev, Aşağı Hamam-Palaestra gibi neredeyse kazısı yapılmış her sektöründe yukarıda belirtilen cam formları ile karşılaşılmaktadır. İthal formlar arasında değerlendirilen bu camların kentteki yoğun varlığı Anadolu cam çalışmalarına katkı sağlaması açısından önem taşımaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Koçak, E. A., *, E. A. K. (2023). Hellenistic-Early Roman Imperial Glass Finds from Metropolis (Ionia) Excavations (1989-2021). Anadolu Araştırmaları, Issue: 27. https://doi.org/10.26650/anar.2022.1167027

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