Journals / Afet ve Risk Dergisi / 2026 / Sayı: 23

AI-Powered Decision Support System for Forest Fire Rescue Using Twitter and GPT-Based Analysis

Orman Yangını Kurtarma Operasyonları İçin Twitter ve GPT Tabanlı Analiz Kullanan Yapay Zekâ Destekli Karar Destek Sistemi

Ozge Doguc(İSTANBUL MEDİPOL ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-5971-9218
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Publication Date
2026-10-15
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

These results demonstrate the potential of LLM-augmented social media analytics to transform unstructured crisis communications into actionable intelligence, improving situational awareness, rescue coordination, and data-driven decision-making during large-scale natural disasters.In addition to its natural language understanding capabilities, FFR-DSS incorporates a geospatial mapping component to visualize and monitor critical rescue zones dynamically.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:This study presents the Forest Fire Rescue Decision Support System (FFR-DSS), an AI-powered framework integrating GPT-4-based semantic analysis with real-time Twitter data to support emergency rescue coordination during forest fires in Turkey.
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Key Findings & Data:Using tweets from the catastrophic 2021 wildfires affecting Muğla and Antalya, FFR-DSS employs prompt-engineered large language model (LLM) pipelines to extract urgency scores, emotional tone, geographical information, and actionability indicators from crisis-related social media content.
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Conclusion & Impact:These results demonstrate the potential of LLM-augmented social media analytics to transform unstructured crisis communications into actionable intelligence, improving situational awareness, rescue coordination, and data-driven decision-making during large-scale natural disasters.In addition to its natural language understanding capabilities, FFR-DSS incorporates a geospatial mapping component to visualize and monitor critical rescue zones dynamically.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:2021 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Acil durum müdahalesi · Coğrafi zekâ · GPT-4

Abstract

This study presents the Forest Fire Rescue Decision Support System (FFR-DSS), an AI-powered framework integrating GPT-4-based semantic analysis with real-time Twitter data to support emergency rescue coordination during forest fires in Turkey. Using tweets from the catastrophic 2021 wildfires affecting Muğla and Antalya, FFR-DSS employs prompt-engineered large language model (LLM) pipelines to extract urgency scores, emotional tone, geographical information, and actionability indicators from crisis-related social media content. Unlike traditional natural language processing (NLP) approaches such as Bag-of-Words (BoW) and TF-IDF, which may struggle with contextually rich and emotionally variable messages, the proposed framework leverages GPT-4's zero-shot semantic reasoning capabilities without requiring task-specific labeled training datasets. A geospatial risk mapping component further aggregates tweet-level outputs into district-level risk scores and dynamic heatmaps, enabling emergency teams to identify critical areas and prioritize resource allocation. Evaluation against a manually annotated sample demonstrates that FFR-DSS achieves 92.4% classification precision and 89.1% recall, substantially outperforming the BoW+SVM baseline with 72.8% accuracy. These results demonstrate the potential of LLM-augmented social media analytics to transform unstructured crisis communications into actionable intelligence, improving situational awareness, rescue coordination, and data-driven decision-making during large-scale natural disasters.In addition to its natural language understanding capabilities, FFR-DSS incorporates a geospatial mapping component to visualize and monitor critical rescue zones dynamically. By aligning semantic outputs with location data, the system helps authorities prioritize interventions in areas of greatest need. Empirical evaluations show that FFR-DSS achieves higher classification accuracy and interpretability than prior baseline methods, offering a more robust, transparent, and context-aware framework for emergency response. The results suggest that GPT-based systems represent a transformative step in disaster management technology, particularly in scenarios requiring rapid analysis and decision-making based on unstructured social media content.

Özet

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki orman yangınları sırasında acil kurtarma koordinasyonunu desteklemek amacıyla GPT-4 tabanlı anlamsal analiz ile gerçek zamanlı Twitter verilerini bütünleştiren yapay zekâ destekli Orman Yangını Kurtarma Karar Destek Sistemi'ni (FFR-DSS) sunmaktadır. Sistem, Muğla ve Antalya illerini etkileyen 2021 Türkiye orman yangınlarına ilişkin tweet verileri üzerinde uygulanmıştır. FFR-DSS, kriz odaklı sosyal medya içeriklerinden aciliyet düzeyi, duygusal ton, konum bilgisi ve eyleme geçirilebilirlik göstergelerini çıkarmak amacıyla istem mühendisliğiyle tasarlanmış büyük dil modeli (BDM) tabanlı bir analiz hattı kullanmaktadır. Kelime Torbası (BoW) ve TF-IDF gibi geleneksel doğal dil işleme yöntemleri, bağlamsal açıdan zengin ve duygusal olarak değişken sosyal medya mesajlarını yorumlamada sınırlı kalabilmektedir. Buna karşılık FFR-DSS, etiketli eğitim verisine ihtiyaç duymadan GPT-4'ün sıfır atışlı anlamsal akıl yürütme yeteneklerinden yararlanmaktadır. Sistemin coğrafi risk haritalama bileşeni, tweet düzeyindeki sonuçları ilçe bazında risk puanlarına dönüştürmekte ve dinamik ısı haritaları oluşturarak kaynak tahsisi ve önceliklendirme kararlarını desteklemektedir. Elle etiketlenmiş bir örneklem üzerinde yapılan değerlendirmede FFR-DSS, %92,4 sınıflandırma kesinliği ve %89,1 duyarlılık elde etmiş; %72,8 doğruluk sağlayan BoW+SVM temel yöntemini önemli ölçüde geride bırakmıştır. Bulgular, BDM destekli sosyal medya analitiğinin afet yönetiminde gerçek zamanlı durumsal farkındalık, kurtarma koordinasyonu ve karar desteği için etkili bir yaklaşım olduğunu göstermektedir.

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Cite This Article

Doguc, O. (2026). AI-Powered Decision Support System for Forest Fire Rescue Using Twitter and GPT-Based Analysis. Afet ve Risk Dergisi, Sayı: 23. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1821297

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