AI Summary & Key Takeaways
AI InsightConclusion: HHL in saliva and serum may be a valuable diagnostic biomarker of KBD, and it may be used as follow-up for the hyaluronate treatment.
📌 3 Key Takeaways
Abstract
Background/aim: We aimed to explore the roles of glycoprotein glycosylation in the pathogenesis of Kashin-Beck disease KBD , and evaluated the effectiveness of sodium hyaluronate treatment. Materials and methods: Blood and saliva were collected from KBD patients before and after the injection of sodium hyaluronate. Normal healthy subjects were included as controls. Saliva and serum lectin microarrays and saliva and serum microarray verifications were used to screen and confirm the differences in lectin levels among the three groups. Results: In saliva lectin microarray, bindings to Sophora japonica agglutinin SJA , Griffonia Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin I GSL-I , Euonymus europaeus lectin EEL , Maackia amurensis lectin II MAL-II , Sambucus nigra lectin SNA , Hippeastrum hybrid lectin HHL , and Aleuria aurantia lectin AAL were higher in the untreated KBD patients than in the control group. Increased levels of HHL, MAL-II, and GSL-I in the untreated KBD patients discriminated them in particular from the treated ones. Jacalin was lower in the untreated KBD patients compared to the treated KBD and control groups. In serum lectin microarray, HHL and peanut agglutinin PNA were increased in the untreated KBD group in comparison to the control one. AAL, Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin E+L PHA- E+L , and Psophocarpus tetragonolobus lectin I PTL-I were lower in the untreated KBD patients compared to the treated KBD and control groups. Hyaluronate treatment appeared to normalize SNA, AAL, and MAL-II levels in saliva, and HHL, PNA, AAL, PTL-I, and PHA-E+L levels in serum. Saliva reversed microarray verification confirmed significant differences between the groups in SNA and Jacalin, in particular for GSL-I levels, while serum reversed microarray verification indicated that HHL, PNA, and AAL levels returned to normal levels after the hyaluronate treatment. Lectin blot confirmed significant differences in HHL, AAL, and Jacalin in saliva, and HHL, PNA, PHA-E+L, and AAL in serum. Conclusion: HHL in saliva and serum may be a valuable diagnostic biomarker of KBD, and it may be used as follow-up for the hyaluronate treatment.