Journals / Bartın Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Volume: 14 Issue: 2

An Investigation of the Views and Experiences of Teachers Working With Visually Impaired Students With Multiple Disabilities on Distance Education

Görme Yetersizliği Olan Çok Engelli Öğrencilerle Çalışan Öğretmenlerin Uzaktan Eğitime İlişkin Görüş ve Deneyimlerinin İncelenmesi

Zahide Töret(Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi)0000-0003-2102-9876
Demet Tiryaki(GAZI UNIVERSITY, GAZİ FACULTY OF EDUCATION)0000-0003-0856-7557
Pınar Şafak(GAZI UNIVERSITY, GAZİ FACULTY OF EDUCATION)0000-0002-3386-9816
Mehmet Emin Kalaylı(GAZI UNIVERSITY, GAZİ FACULTY OF EDUCATION)0000-0001-5030-8052
Pages
—
Publication Date
2025-04-30
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The findings revealed that teachers of visually impaired children with multiple disabilities reported unfavorable experiences pertaining to the children's disabilities, students' access to the Internet, and the utilization of technology in distance education practices.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The objective of this study was to gain a comprehensive understanding of the experiences and perspectives of educators working with students with visual impairments and multiple disabilities regarding distance education.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Seven teachers participated in the qualitative portion of the study, while 40 teachers took part in the quantitative phase.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The findings revealed that teachers of visually impaired children with multiple disabilities reported unfavorable experiences pertaining to the children's disabilities, students' access to the Internet, and the utilization of technology in distance education practices.
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:teachers · perspectives · experiences

Abstract

The objective of this study was to gain a comprehensive understanding of the experiences and perspectives of educators working with students with visual impairments and multiple disabilities regarding distance education. This study employed an exploratory sequential design, a type of mixed-methods research. To this end, the researchers developed and employed a “Semi-Structured Interview” form, a “Demographic Information Form”, and an “Opinions on Distance Education Questionnaire” for the purpose of data collection. In the initial phase of the study, the researchers gathered qualitative data through semi-structured interviews and conducted an analysis thereof. In the second stage, the research team developed the Opinions on Distance Education Questionnaire, a tool designed to collect quantitative data, based on the findings of the qualitative analysis. Subsequently, the team collected the requisite quantitative data. Seven teachers participated in the qualitative portion of the study, while 40 teachers took part in the quantitative phase. The findings revealed that teachers of visually impaired children with multiple disabilities reported unfavorable experiences pertaining to the children's disabilities, students' access to the Internet, and the utilization of technology in distance education practices. Teachers made adaptations and utilized family support to overcome these challenges. The teachers reported that they required the most support from their families in distance education, as well as training in the use of technology, the internet, and infrastructure support. They suggested that for distance education to be effective, families should be trained in distance education and students should have access to the necessary internet and digital devices. Keywords: teachers, perspective, experiences, visually impaired students with multiple disabilities, distance education, mix method

Özet

Bu çalışmanın amacı, görme yetersizliği olan çok engelli öğrencilerle çalışan öğretmenlerin uzaktan eğitimle ilgili deneyimlerini ve bakış açılarını kapsamlı bir şekilde anlamaktır. Bu çalışmada karma yöntem araştırmasının bir türü olan keşfedici sıralı desen kullanılmıştır. Bu amaçla, araştırmacılar veri toplamak için “Yarı Yapılandırılmış Görüşme Formu” “Demografik Bilgi Formu” ve “Uzaktan Eğitime İlişkin Görüşler Anketi” geliştirmiş ve kullanmışlardır. Araştırmanın ilk aşamasında, araştırmacılar yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yoluyla nitel verileri toplamış ve bunların analizini gerçekleştirmiştir. İkinci aşamada, araştırmacılar, nitel analizin bulgularına dayanarak, nicel verileri toplamak için Uzaktan Eğitime İlişkin Görüşler Anketi’ni geliştirmiş ve nicel verileri toplamıştır. Çalışmanın nitel kısmında yedi öğretmen, nicel kısmında ise 40 öğretmen yer almıştır. Bulgular, çoklu yetersizliği olan görmeyen öğrencilerle çalışan öğretmenlerinin, çocukların yetersizlik düzeyleri, öğrencilerin internete erişimi ve uzaktan eğitim uygulamalarında teknoloji kullanımına ilişkin olumsuz deneyimler bildirdiklerini ortaya koymuştur. Öğretmenler bu zorlukların üstesinden gelmek için uyarlamalar yapmış ve aile desteğinden yararlanmıştır. Öğretmenler uzaktan eğitimde en çok ailelerinin desteğine ihtiyaç duyduklarını, bunun yanı sıra teknoloji kullanımı, internet ve altyapı desteği konularında eğitime ihtiyaç duyduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Uzaktan eğitimin etkili olabilmesi için ailelerin uzaktan eğitim konusunda eğitilmesi ve öğrencilerin gerekli internet ve dijital cihazlara erişiminin sağlanması gerektiğini belirtmişlerdir. Anahtar kelimeler: öğretmen, bakış açısı, deneyim, görme yetersizliği olan çok engelli öğrenciler, uzaktan eğitim, karma yöntem

🔖

Cite This Article

Töret, Z., Tiryaki, D., Şafak, P., Kalaylı, M. E. (2025). An Investigation of the Views and Experiences of Teachers Working With Visually Impaired Students With Multiple Disabilities on Distance Education. Bartın Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, Volume: 14 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.1583331

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (92)

  1. Adin, N. A. A., Enriquez, E. M. S., Ribo, J. V. P., Quililan, C. J., ryne Gemarangan, S., Saldariega, L.,. & Doren, C. A. (2024). Teachers’ Perspective on Distance Learning for Students with Visual Impairment. European Journal of Higher Education and Academic Advancement, 1(1), 27-37. https://doi.org/10.61796/ejheaa.v1i1.29
  2. Ani, E. C., Olu-lawal, K. A., Olajiga, O. K., Montero, D. J. P., & Adeleke, A. K. (2024). Intelligent monitoring systems in manufacturing: current state and future perspectives. Engineering Science & Technology Journal, 5(3), 750-759. https://doi.org/10.51594/estj.v5i3.870
  3. Akbayrak, K., Vural, G., & Agar, M. (2021). Özel eğitim öğretmenlerinin koronavirüs pandemisi döneminde uzaktan eğitime ilişkin deneyim ve görüşleri. [The experiences and views of special education teachers towards distance education throughout coronavirus pandemic period]. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(1), 471-499. doi: 10.17679/inuefd.863029
  4. Akyürek, M. İ. (2020). Uzaktan eğitim: Bir alanyazin taramasi. [Distance education: a literature review abstract]. Medeniyet Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 1- 9.
  5. Alan, Y., & Can, F. (2021). Covid-19 salgını döneminde öğretmen olmak: Türkçe öğretmenlerinin görüşleri. [Being a teacher during the covid-19 pandemic: opinions of Turkish teachers]. Atatürk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, (72), 541-562. doi: https://doi.org/10.14222/Turkiyat4451
  6. Al-Dababneh, K. A. (2018). Barriers preventing parental involvement in mainstream education of children with specific learning disabilities: parent perspectives. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 33(5), 615-630. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2017.1391013
  7. Alvarez, Jr., A. (2020). Learning from the problems and challenges in blended learning: basis for faculty development and program enhancement. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(2), 112-132. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4292631
  8. Argyropoulos, V., & Gentle, F. (2019). Formal and non-formal education for individuals with vision impairment or multiple disabilities and vision impairment: Current trends and challenges. In J. Ravenscroft (Ed.) The routledge handbook of visual impairment, 118-142. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315111353-9.
  9. Argyropoulos, V., & Thymakis, P. (2014). Multiple disabilities and visual impairment: an action research project. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 108(2), 163-167. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X1410800210
  10. Auma, O. M., & Achieng, J. (2020). Perception of teachers on effectiveness of online learning in the wake of covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Humanites and Social Sciences, 25(6), 19-28. doi: 10.9790/0837-2506111928
  11. Baki, A., & Gökçek, T. (2012). Karma yöntem araştırmalarına genel bir bakış. [A general overview of mixed method researches]. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(42), 1-21.
  12. Balaman, F, Hanbay Tiryaki, S. (2021). Corona virüs (Covid-19) nedeniyle mecburi yürütülen uzaktan eğitim hakkında öğretmen görüşleri. [The opinions of teachers about compulsory distance education due to corona virus (Covid-19)]. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10 (1), 52-84. Retrieved from http://www.itobiad.com/tr/pub/issue/60435/769798 https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.769798
  13. Baltacı, A. (2018). Nitel araştırmalarda örnekleme yöntemleri ve örnek hacmi sorunsalı üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme. [A conceptual review of sampling methods and sample size problems in qualitative research]. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 231-274.
  14. Baran, A., & Sadık, O. (2021). Covid-19 sürecinde sınıf öğretmenlerinin acil uzaktan öğretim tecrübelerinin ve görüşlerinin incelenmesi. [An examination of primary school teachers’ emergency online teaching experience and perceptions during covid-19.]. Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(2), 813-854. https://doi.org/10.19171/uefad.882291
  15. Başkale, H. (2016). Nitel araştırmalarda geçerlik, güvenirlik ve örneklem büyüklüğünün belirlenmesi. [Determination of validity, reliability and sample size in qualitative studies]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 9(1), 23-28.
  16. Battistin, T., Mercuriali, E., Zanardo, V., Gregori, D., Lorenzoni, G., Nasato, L., & Reffo, M. E. (2021). Distance support and online intervention to blind and visually impaired children during the pandemic COVID- 19. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 108, 103816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103816
  17. Bilgiç, H. C., & Şafak, P. (2021). Çoklu Yetersizliği Olan Az Gören Çocuklara Doğrudan Öğretimle Sunulan Şematik Düzenleyicinin Bir Fen Konusunun Öğretiminde Etkisi. [The effect of schematic organizer presented with direct teaching to students with multiple disabilities on teaching a science subject]. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 22(1), 175-206. https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.629598
  18. Bilgiç, H. C., Uyar, D., Demiryürek, P., & Şafak, P. (2024). Çoklu yetersizliği olan görmeyen öğrencilerin çevrimiçi derslerdeki tepkileri ve annelerinin çevrimiçi derslere ilişkin görüşleri. [Responses of students with multiple disabilities and visual impairment in online classes and their mothers' views on online classes]. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 14(3), 1984-2006. https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.1467983
  19. Boz, A. (2019). Öğretmen adaylarının teknoloji kabullenme ve kullanımı bağlamında uzaktan eğitim algılarının incelenmesi. [The examination of the pre-services teachers’ perceptions to distance education in the context of the use acceptance and use of technology]. Master Dissertation, Necmettin Erbakan University.
  20. Bozkurt, A. (2017). Türkiye’de uzaktan eğitimin dünü, bugünü ve yarını. [The past, present and future of the distance education in Turkey]. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 85-124.
  21. Cai, R., & Wang, Q. (2020). A six-step online teaching method based on protocol-guided learning during the COVID-19 epidemic: A case study of the first middle school teaching practice in Changyuan city, Henan province, China. Henan Province, China (March 17, 2020).
  22. Chen, D., & Dote-Kwan, J. (1995). Starting points: instructional practices for young children whose multiple disabilities include visual impairment. Blind Childrens Center
  23. Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
  24. Currie-Rubin, R., & Smith, S. J. (2014). Understanding the roles of families in virtual learning. Teaching Exceptional Children, 46(5), 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040059914530101
  25. Demir, E. B. K., Özbek, A. B., & Demir, K. (2022). Exploring Turkish special education teachers’ experiences of emergency remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 5(2), 316-335. https://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.1076853
  26. De Paepe, L., Zhu, C., & Depryck, K. (2018). Online Dutch L2 learning in adult education: educators’ and providers’ viewpoints on needs, advantages and disadvantages. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 33(1), 18-33. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680513.2017.1414586
  27. Donnelly, H. K., Solberg, V. S. H., Shavers, E. I., Howard, K. A., Ismail, B., & Nieves, H. (2022). Support and Perceptions of Teachers Working with Students with Special Needs during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Education Sciences, 12(8), 531. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12080531
  28. Erdemci, H., & Elçiçek, M. (2022). Investigation of special education teachers’ online teaching experiences during covid 19 pandemic. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 10(20), 319-329. https://doi.org/10.18009/jcer.1081755
  29. Fedina, N. V., Burmykina, I. V., Zvezda, L. M., Pikalova, O. S., Skudnev, D. M., & Voronin, I. V. (2017). Study of educators’ and parents’ readiness to implement distance learning technologies in preschool education in Russia. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(12), 8415-8428. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/80802
  30. Frederick, J. K., Raabe, G. R., Rogers, V. R., & Pizzica, J. (2020). Advocacy, collaboration, and intervention: A model of distance special education support services amid COVID-19. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 13(4), 748-756. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-020-00476-1
  31. Glessner, M. M., & Johnson, S. A. (2020). The experiences and perceptions of practicing special education teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Interactive Journal of Global Leadership and Learning, 1(2), 4. https://doi.org/10.55354/2692-3394.1013
  32. Hamilton, L. S., Diliberti, M. K., & Kaufman, J. H. (2020). Teaching and leading through a pandemic: Key findings from the American educator panels spring 2020 COVID-19 surveys. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA168-2.html
  33. Hong, S., & Erin, J. N. (2017). Community mentors: The perspectives of working adults with visual impairments. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 111(6), 605-610. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X1711100612
  34. Hopcan, S, Polat Hopcan E., & Öztürk, M. E. (2021). Are special education teachers ready for distance education? Experiences and needs during the covid-19 outbreak. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 10(3), 526-540. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.823743
  35. Horn, E., & Kang, J. (2012). Supporting young children with multiple disabilities: What do we know and what do we still need to learn? Topics in early childhood special education, 31(4), 241-248. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271121411426487
  36. Hsieh, H. S., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research 15(9), 1277-1288. doi:10.1177/1049732305276687
  37. Kalaç, M. Ö., Telli, G., & Erönal, Y. (2020). Covid-19 mücadelesi kapsamında uzaktan eğitim sürecinde engelli öğrencilerin durumu sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  38. Kaman, K., & Altunay, B. (2021) Görme Yetersizliği Olan Öğrencilerde Uzaktan Eğitim Sürecinde Yaşanan Sorunların Öğretmen, Öğrenci Ve Aile Açısından İncelenmesi. In O. M. Kalaç, V. Tecim, (Eds.), Engelsiz Bilişim (pp.75-100). Kriter
  39. Khan, A. M., Jameel, H. T., & Nabeel, T. (2021). Covid-19 pandemic: Difficulties faced by special education teachers during emergency remote teaching through online learning and their opinions. Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, 8(2), 78-84. https://doi.org/10.46662/jass.v8i2.184
  40. König, J., Jäger-Biela, D. J., & Glutsch, N. (2020). Adapting to online teaching during COVID-19 school closure: teacher education and teacher competence effects among early career teachers in Germany. European Journal of Teacher Education, 43(4), 608-622. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2020.1809650
  41. Lebrasseur, A., Fortin-Bédard, N., Lettre, J., Bussières, E. L., Best, K., Boucher, N.,. & Routhier, F. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on people with physical disabilities: a rapid review. Disability and Health Journal, 14(1), 101014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.101014
  42. Marshall, M. N. (1996). Sampling for qualitative research. Family Practice, 13(6), 522-526. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/13.6.522
  43. McKenzie, J., Shanda, N., & Aldersey, H. M. (2021). Family–teacher partnerships: families' and teachers' experiences of working together to support learners with disabilities in South Africa. British Journal of Special Education, 48(1), 26-49. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8578.12337
  44. Mengi, A., & Alpdoğan, Y. (2020). Covid-19 salgini sürecinde özel eğitim öğrencilerinin uzaktan eğitim süreçlerine ilişkin öğretmen görüşlerinin incelenmesi. [Investigation of teacher’s opinions about distance education processes of students who receive special education during the covid-19 pandemic period]. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 49(1), 413-437. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.776226
  45. Navas, P., Amor, A. M., Crespo, M., Wolowiec, Z., & Verdugo, M. Á. (2021). Supports for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic from their own perspective. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 108, 103813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103813
  46. Nissim, M., Ido, O., Sanduka, Y., Shmerling, C., & Ariel, N. (2022). In relation to the relationship: teachers of pupils with multiple disabilities and parents following the COVID-19 pandemic. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 38(5), 599-613. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2022.2145685
  47. Özdoğan, A. Ç., & Berkant, H. G. (2020). Covid-19 pandemi dönemindeki uzaktan eğitime ilişkin paydaş görüşlerinin incelenmesi. [The examination of stakeholders’ opinions on distance educatıon during the Covid-19 epidemic]. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 49(1), 13-43. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.788118
  48. Parmigiani, D., Benigno, V., Giusto, M., Silvaggio, C., & Sperandio, S. (2021). E-inclusion: online special education in Italy during the Covid-19 pandemic. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 30(1), 111-124. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2020.1856714
  49. Patton, M. Q. (2005). Qualitative research. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  50. Phan, T. T. N., & Dang, L. T. T. (2017). Teacher readiness for online teaching: A critical review. International Journal on Open and Distance e-Learning, 3(1).
  51. Purbudak, A., Yılmaz, M., & Cakır, O. (2022). Emergency distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative research from a special education perspective. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 23(3), 86-102. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.1137208
  52. Putri, R. S., Purwanto, A., Pramono, R., Asbari, M., Wijayanti, L. M., & Hyun, C. C. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on online home learning: An explorative study of primary schools in Indonesia. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(5), 4809-4818.
  53. Rice, M. F., & Carter Jr, R. A. (2016). Online teacher work to support self-regulation of learning in students with disabilities at a fully online state virtual school. Online Learning, 20(4), 118-135. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v20i4.1054
  54. Rice, M., Oritz, K., Curry, T., & Petropoulos, R. (2019). A case study of a foster parent working to support a child with multiple disabilities in a full-time virtual school. Journal of Online Learning Research, 5(2), 145-168.
  55. Rose, R. M. (2007). Research Committee Issues Brief: Access and Equity in Online Classes and Virtual Schools. North American Council for Online Learning. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED509623
  56. Sani-Bozkurt, S., Genç, G. B., Vuran, S., Yıldız, G., Çelik, S., Diken, İ.,. & Demiryürek, P. (2022). COVID-19 salgınında Türkiye’deki özel gereksinimi olan öğrenciler ve ailelerine yönelik uzaktan özel eğitim uygulamalarına ilişkin uzman bakış açısı. [Expert perspectives on distance special education ınterventions for students with special needs and their families in Turkey during the covıd-19 pandemic]. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 23(1), 133-164. https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.786118
  57. Schleicher, A. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 on Education: Insights from" Education at a Glance 2020". OECD Publishing
  58. Schuck, R. K., Lambert, R., & Wang, M. (2023). Collaborating with parents during COVID-19 online teaching: Special educator perspectives. Education 3-13, 51(2), 292-305. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2021.1967421
  59. Shachar, M., & Neumann, Y. (2010). Twenty years of research on the academic performance differences between traditional and distance learning: Summative meta-analysis and trend examination. MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 6(2).
  60. Simó-Pinatella, D., Goei, S. L., Carvalho, M., & Nelen, M. (2022). Special education teachers’ experiences of addressing challenging behaviour during the pandemic. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 37(6), 907-920. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2021.1963152
  61. Simonson, M., Schlosser, C., & Orellana, A. (2011). Distance education research: A review of the literature. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 23, 124-142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-011-9045-8
  62. Smith, C. (2020). Challenges and opportunities for teaching students with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Perspectives in Higher Education, 5(1), 167-173. https://doi.org/10.32674/jimphe.v5i1.2619
  63. Sönmez, V., Alacapınar, F. (2013). Örneklendirilmiş bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Anı Yayıncılık.
  64. Supratiwi, M., Yusuf, M., & Anggarani, F. K. (2021). Mapping the challenges in distance learning for students with disabilities during COVID-19 pandemic: Survey of special education teachers. International Journal of Pedagogy and Teacher Education, 5(1), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.20961/ijpte.v5i1.45970
  65. Şafak, P. (2012). Ağır ve çoklu yetersizliği olan çocukların eğitimi. Vize.
  66. Şafak, P., Demiryürek, P., & Yılmaz, H. C. (2018). Çok duyulu öykülerin ağır ve çoklu yetersizliği olan görmeyen öğrencilerin dinlediğini anlamalarına etkisi. [ The effect of multisensory stories on listening comprehension of children who are blind with severe and multiple disabilities]. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 19(1), 129-153. https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.322391
  67. Şafak, P., & Uyar, D. (2015). Ağır ve çoklu yetersizliği olan çocuklara seçim yapma becerisinin öğretimi. [Teaching choice making to children with severe and multiple disabilities]. Electronic Turkish Studies, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.7726
  68. Şenol, F. B., & Yaşar, M. C. (2020). Covid-19 pandemisi sürecinde öğretmen ve ebeveyn gözünden “özel eğitim”. [ “Special education” From teacher and parent's perspective in the covid-19 pandemic process]. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 49(1), 439-458. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.787808
  69. Taylor, K., & Preece, D. (2010). Using aspects of the TEACCH structured teaching approach with students with multiple disabilities and visual impairment: Reflections on practice. British Journal of Visual Impairment, 28(3), 244-259. https://doi.org/10.1177/0264619610374682
  70. Toraman, S. (2021). Karma yöntemler araştırması: Kısa tarihi, tanımı, bakış açıları ve temel kavramlar. [Mixed methods research: A brief history, definitions, perspectives, and key elements]. Nitel Sosyal Bilimler, 3(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.47105/nsb.847688
  71. Toquero, C. M. (2021). Emergency remote education experiment amid COVID-19 pandemic. IJERI: International Journal of Educational Research and Innovation, (15), 162-176. https://doi.org/10.46661/ijeri.5113
  72. Tremmel, P., Myers, R., Brunow, D. A., & Hott, B. L. (2020). Educating students with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned from commerce independent school district. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 39(4), 201-210. https://doi.org/10.1177/8756870520958114
  73. Trust, T., & Whalen, J. (2021). Emergency remote teaching with technology during the COVID-19 pandemic: using the whole teacher lens to examine educator’s experiences and insights. Educational Media International, 58(2), 145-160. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523987.2021.1930479
  74. Uzoğlu, M. (2017). Fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının uzaktan eğitime ilişkin görüşleri. [Perceptions of science teacher candidates on distance education]. Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(16), 335-351.
  75. Ünay, E., Erdem, R., & Çakıroğlu, O. (2021). Distance education applications in special education during the Covid-19. Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Education, 34(Special Issue), 158-184. https://doi.org/10.19171/uefad.845915
  76. Üstün, Ç., & Özçiftçi, S. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisinin sosyal yaşam ve etik düzlem üzerine etkileri: Bir değerlendirme çalışması. [Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on social life and ethical plane: An evaluation study]. Anatolian Clinic the Journal of Medical Sciences, 25(Special Issue on COVID 19), 142-153. DOI: 10.21673/anadoluklin.721864
  77. Valentine, D. (2002). Distance learning: Promises, problems, and possibilities. Online journal of distance learning administration, 5(3), 1-11.
  78. Van Lancker, W., & Parolin, Z. (2020). COVID-19, school closures, and child poverty: A social crisis in the making. The Lancet Public Health, 5(5), e243-e244. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30084-0
  79. Vasiliki, G., Dimitrios, S., & Maro, P. (2021). Distance education in the pandemic era: The views of Greek general and special education teachers of secondary education regarding readiness, challenges and the post-covid educational practices. European Journal of Special Education Research, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.46827/ejse.v7i4.4050
  80. Ventayen, R. J. M. (2018). Teachers’ readiness in online teaching environment: A case of department of education teachers. PSU Journal of Education, Management and Social Sciences, 2(1).
  81. Westling, D. L., Fox, L., & Carter, E. W. (2000). Teaching students with severe disabilities (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.
  82. Wild, T. A., Herzberg, T. S., & Hicks, M. A. (2022). An examination of early intervention services for children with visual impairments during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 116(6), 764-773. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X221144043
  83. Williams, O. D. (2020). COVID-19 and private health: market and governance failure. Development, 63(2), 181- 190. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41301-020-00273-x
  84. Yıldırım, A. E. S., & Bozak, B. (2021). COVID-19 sürecinde çoklu yetersizliği olan çocukların ailelerine sunulan destekler: Bir durum çalışması. [The supports provided to families having children with multiple disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study]. Yaşadıkça Eğitim, 35(1), 154-172. https://doi.org/10.33308/26674874.2021351247
  85. Yılmaz, E. O., & Aktuğ, S. (2011). Uzaktan eğitimde çevrimiçi ders veren öğretim elemanlarının uzaktan eğitimde etkileşim ve iletişim üzerine görüşleri. [Opinions of instructors who give lectures online about distance education]. Akademik Bilişim, 501-512. doi: 10.17569/tojqi.74876
  86. Yılmaz, G. K., & Güven, B. (2015). Öğretmen adaylarının uzaktan eğitime yönelik algılarının metaforlar yoluyla belirlenmesi. [Determining the teacher candidates’ perceptions on distance education by metaphors]. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 6(2), 299-322. http://doi.org/10.16949/turcomat.75936?
  87. Yılmaz, Y., Karabulut, H. A., Uçar, A. S., & Uçar, K. (2021). Determination of the education technology competencies of special education teachers. European Journal of Special Education Research, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.46827/ejse.v7i2.3734
  88. Yunita, V. M., Sunardi, S., & Kristiyanto, A. (2021). Special education teachers’ perceptions toward online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia), 10(2), 202-211. doi: 10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v10i2.29773
  89. Adin, N. A. A., Enriquez, E. M. S., Ribo, J. V. P., Quililan, C. J., ryne Gemarangan, S., Saldariega, L.,. & Doren, C. A. (2024). Teachers’ Perspective on Distance Learning for Students with Visual Impairment. European Journal of Higher Education and Academic Advancement, 1(1), 27-37. https://doi.org/10.61796/ejheaa.v1i1.29
  90. Balaman, F, Hanbay Tiryaki, S. (2021). Corona virüs (Covid-19) nedeniyle mecburi yürütülen uzaktan eğitim hakkında öğretmen görüşleri. [The opinions of teachers about compulsory distance education due to corona virus (Covid-19)]. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10 (1), 52-84. Retrieved from http://www.itobiad.com/tr/pub/issue/60435/769798 https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.769798
  91. Lebrasseur, A., Fortin-Bédard, N., Lettre, J., Bussières, E. L., Best, K., Boucher, N.,. & Routhier, F. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on people with physical disabilities: a rapid review. Disability and Health Journal, 14(1), 101014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.101014
  92. Sani-Bozkurt, S., Genç, G. B., Vuran, S., Yıldız, G., Çelik, S., Diken, İ.,. & Demiryürek, P. (2022). COVID-19 salgınında Türkiye’deki özel gereksinimi olan öğrenciler ve ailelerine yönelik uzaktan özel eğitim uygulamalarına ilişkin uzman bakış açısı. [Expert perspectives on distance special education ınterventions for students with special needs and their families in Turkey during the covıd-19 pandemic]. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 23(1), 133-164. https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.786118