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Journals / European Journal of Biology / 2026 / Volume: 85 Issue: 2

Royal Jelly Exhibits in vitro Gastric Ulcer-Healing Activity by Mitigating Sodium Taurocholate-Induced Damage

Rabia Duman(ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY)0009-0003-8145-1531
Erhan Eroğlu(ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY)0009-0007-7643-535X
Yunus Aksüt(ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-9407-5019
Aslıhan Şengelen(ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-2512-319X
Nazlı Arda(ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-1043-5652
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-06-12
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Conclusion: RJ exerts cytoprotective effects against bile salt-induced gastric epithelial damage via anti- apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant mechanisms, supporting its potential as a safe natural candidate for gastric mucosal protection and justifying further in vivo and clinical investigations.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: Gastric ulcers are a major public health concern caused by the disrupted balance between protective mechanisms and harmful factors affecting the gastric mucosa.
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Key Findings & Data:Cells were first exposed to NaT (15 mM for 1 h) and then treated with RJ (25 μg/mL for 48 h).
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Conclusion & Impact:Conclusion: RJ exerts cytoprotective effects against bile salt-induced gastric epithelial damage via anti- apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant mechanisms, supporting its potential as a safe natural candidate for gastric mucosal protection and justifying further in vivo and clinical investigations.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Royal jelly · Sodium taurocholate · Gastric ulcer

Abstract

Objective: Gastric ulcers are a major public health concern caused by the disrupted balance between protective mechanisms and harmful factors affecting the gastric mucosa. In this context, royal jelly (RJ), a natural secretion produced by worker honey bees, has been assessed for its possible ulcer-healing effects in vitro . Materials and Methods: An in vitro gastric ulcer model was established using a bile salt, sodium taurocholate (NaT), in the human gastric epithelial cell line (AGS). Non-toxic concentrations of RJ and an injurious dose of NaT were determined using the MTT assay. Cells were first exposed to NaT (15 mM for 1 h) and then treated with RJ (25 μg/mL for 48 h). Cell viability, apoptotic markers, inflammatory mediators, and oxidative stress parameters, including intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl levels, were evaluated. Results: NaT decreased cell viability and markedly induced apoptotic, inflammatory, and oxidative responses. RJ treatment improved cell viability, reduced pro-apoptotic markers (cleaved caspase-3 levels, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio), downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and minimised ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation. RJ alone was non-toxic and increased IL-10 levels without provoking inflammation. Conclusion: RJ exerts cytoprotective effects against bile salt-induced gastric epithelial damage via anti- apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant mechanisms, supporting its potential as a safe natural candidate for gastric mucosal protection and justifying further in vivo and clinical investigations.

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Cite This Article

Duman, R., Eroğlu, E., Aksüt, Y., Şengelen, A., Arda, N. (2026). Royal Jelly Exhibits in vitro Gastric Ulcer-Healing Activity by Mitigating Sodium Taurocholate-Induced Damage. European Journal of Biology, Volume: 85 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2026.1849301

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