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Journals / Adam Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi / 2018 / Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

IBN KHALDUN’S CYCLICAL THEORY ON THE RISE AND FALL OF SOVEREIGN POWERS: THE CASE OF OTTOMAN EMPIRE

EGEMEN GÜÇLERİN YÜKSELİŞ VE ÇÖKÜŞÜ ÜZERİNE İBN HALDUN’UN DÖNGÜ TEORİSİ: OSMANLI İMPARATORLUĞU ÖRNEĞİ

Murat Önder(ANKARA YILDIRIM BEYAZIT ÜNİVERSİTESİ)
Fatih Ulaşan(ANKARA YILDIRIM BEYAZIT ÜNİVERSİTESİ)
Pages
231–266
Publication Date
2018-12-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Also, in the light of Ibn Khaldun’s cyclical theory, the reasons why and how Ottomans could survive, unlike a lot of strong dynasties in Anatolia, conquered and replaced states and empires as a simple beylik ( principality ), rose as an empire and later collapsed have been analyzed.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Ibn Khaldun, who is known as one of the 14th century leading theorists in Islamic political thought, has highly influenced the scholars with his thoughts on economics, history, sociology and philosophy.
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Key Findings & Data:Due to his opinions and findings, Stowasser regarded him as a father of social sciences.
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Conclusion & Impact:Also, in the light of Ibn Khaldun’s cyclical theory, the reasons why and how Ottomans could survive, unlike a lot of strong dynasties in Anatolia, conquered and replaced states and empires as a simple beylik ( principality ), rose as an empire and later collapsed have been analyzed.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Ümran · Asabiye · Döngü Teorisi

Abstract

Ibn Khaldun, who is known as one of the 14th century leading theorists in Islamic political thought, has highly influenced the scholars with his thoughts on economics, history, sociology and philosophy. Due to his opinions and findings, Stowasser regarded him as a father of social sciences. One of his most impressive ideas is the cyclical theory which defines the rise and fall of sovereign powers (dynasties, empires, civilizations, states). The cyclical theory assumes that sovereign powers are like living organisms, they are born, grow up, mature, and die. To explain this pattern, Ibn Khaldun uses his umran and asabiyya concepts. Umran and asabiyya are the glue of the cyclical theory which explains the birth and death of sovereign powers. There are other cyclical theories focused on the rise and fall of sovereign power used by Arnold Toynbee, Oswald Spengler, Giambattista Vico and Sima Qian . These four theories will be compared to Ibn Khaldun’s cyclical theory with similarities and differences. Also, in the light of Ibn Khaldun’s cyclical theory, the reasons why and how Ottomans could survive, unlike a lot of strong dynasties in Anatolia, conquered and replaced states and empires as a simple beylik ( principality ), rose as an empire and later collapsed have been analyzed.

Özet

İslam düşünce tarihinin öncü teorisyenlerinden biri olarak bilinen İbn Haldun iktisat, tarih, sosyoloji ve felsefeye dair düşünceleriyle bilim dünyasını derinden etkilemiştir. Onun düşünceleri ve bulgularından dolayı Stowasser onu sosyal bilimlerin babası olarak tanımlamıştır. Onun en etkileyici fikirlerinden biri egemen güçlerin (hanedanlıklar, imparatorluklar, uygarlıklar, devletler) yükseliş ve çöküşlerini açıklayan döngü teorisidir. Döngü teorisi egemen güçlerin yaşayan bir organizma olduğunu ve insanlar gibi doğduğunu, büyüdüğünü, olgunlaştığını ve öldüğünü varsayar. Ayrıca bu modeli açıklamak için İbn Haldun asabiyet ve ümran kavramlarını kullanır. Ümran ve asabiyet ulusların döngü teorisinin tutkalıdır ve bu kavramlara göre egemen güçler doğar, gelişir ve ölür.Egemen güçlerin doğuş ve çöküşüne ilişkinArnold Toynbee, Oswald Spengler, Giambattista Vico ve Sima Qian gibi tarihçilerin de döngü teorileri vardır. Bu 4 teori İbn Haldun’un döngü teorisiyle karşılaştırılarak bezerlikler ve zıtlıklar irdelenmiştir. Ayrıca, İbn Haldun’undöngü teorisi ışığındaOsmanlı devletinin doğuşu ve yükselişi tartışılarak neden ve nasıl Anadolu’daki birçok güçlü beyliklerin aksine Osmanlıların hayatta kaldığı, basit bir beylik olarak devlet ve imparatorlukları fethettikleri ve yerine geçtikleri, imparatorluk olarak yükseldikleri ve çökmelerinin nedenleri analiz edilmektedir

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Cite This Article

Önder, M., Ulaşan, F. (2018). IBN KHALDUN’S CYCLICAL THEORY ON THE RISE AND FALL OF SOVEREIGN POWERS: THE CASE OF OTTOMAN EMPIRE. Adam Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 231–266. https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.453944

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