KAMU KURUMLARINDA ÇALIŞAN PERSONELİN SİGARA KULLANMA ALIŞKANLIKLARI

Özet

Sigara, tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de yaygın bir alışkanlık olmakla beraber önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. İnsan sağlığını ciddi şekilde tehdit eden sigaranın toplumun geneli tarafından sağlığa zararlı olduğu kabul edilmesine rağmen, tüketilmeye devam edilmektedir. Üstelik sadece içen kişiye değil aynı zamanda dumanına maruz kalanların da sağlığına zarar vermektedir. İnsana hiçbir faydası olmadığı halde her yaştan, her meslekten kadın erkek, birçok insan tarafından kullanılan bir zehirdir. Bedensel, ruhsal ve ekonomik açıdan kullananları olumsuz etkileyen sigaranın zararları konusunda toplumu bilgilendirme ve bilinçlendirmeye yönelik çalışmaların yapılması elzemdir. Halk sağlığı için ciddi tehdit oluşturan sigaranın tüketimini azaltmak maksadıyla gerek özel gerekse kamu kuruluşlarında sigara içme alışkanlığının saptanması, kurum ve kuruluşların yöneticilerinin alacakları kararlarda referans niteliği taşıyacaktır. Bu çalışma, kamu kurumlarında görev yapan personelin sigara kullanım alışkanlıklarını ve kullanım düzeylerini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada elde edilen verilere, Konya il merkezinde çeşitli kamu kurumlarında görev yapan, amaçlı örneklem yoluyla, 350 kişi üzerinde yapılan araştırma sonucu ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgulara göre, sigaraya başlamada özenti ilk sırada yer alırken, sigaraya başlama yaşının 18 yaş altında olduğu görülmektedir. Araştırmada ulaşılan diğer bir sonuca göre, araştırmaya katılanların büyük bir kısmı sigaraya başladığına pişman olmuştur. Araştırmada ortaya çıkan bir başka sonuç ise, kapalı alanlarda sigara içme yasağının hayata geçmesiyle birlikte katılımcıların içtikleri sigara sayısında azalma olduğudur

Abstract

Smoking is an important health problem as well as being a common habit in our country as it is all over the world. Although cigarette, which seriously threatens human health, is considered to be harmful to the health of the population by the general public, continues to be consumed. Moreover not only the person who smokes but also the health of those who are exposed to the smoke is affected. It is a poison that is used by many people, men and women from all ages and professions, although it has no benefit for human beings. It is essential to make efforts to inform the public about the harms of the cigarette which negatively affects the users physically, spiritually and economically. In order to reduce the consumption of the smoking cigarette, which is a serious threat to public health, the smoking habit in public and private institutions will be reference for the decisions of the administrators of institutions and organizations. This study aims to determine the usage habits and usage levels of the personnel employed in public institutions. The data obtained in this study were reached via the research made on over 350 people through purposeful sampling in various public institutions in Konya province centre. According to the results of the study, it is observed that the age to start smoking is under 18 years old while the wannabe is the first place in the taking up of cigarette. According to other result that was reached in the survey, a large part of the participants in the research regretted to start smoking cigarettes. Another result of the study is the reduction in the number of cigarettes consumed by the participants thanks to the ban on smoking in closed areas Smoking, which has become an indispensable part of most people's lives, is one of the most important factors that trigger health problems in our country and in the world. The damages that a person who smokes cigarette inflicts to himself or herself and environment has been proven many times. Smoking addiction is not an ordinary and innocent addiction. On the contrary, it is a very severe, potent and dangerous disease. Cigarette is a harmful substance for the entire body. Cigarette has a price paid not only by smokers but also by nonsmokers. The dimensions of the addiction patterns of smokers may also vary from person to person. While some of these addictions are easily overcome, some cannot quit smoking, even if they have cancer in their organs or limbs. Smoking is a difficult habit to leave because of physical and psychological dependence. Especially, when these two factors come side by side, this situation becomes even more difficult. It is necessary to break both habit and nicotine addiction in order to quit smoking. In other words, both psychological and physiological struggle are needed. While some people smoke cigarettes for nicotine, some people enjoy smoking cigarettes in their hands. Quitting smoking requires time and effort. It is very difficult for a person to leave without any help from anybody with own will (Kutlu, 2002: 46). The relationship between the cigarette, which is loved by many people, and the word of death that scares everyone are found side by side because one is seem as the reason the other is result and has deeply a meaning (Arı, 1982: 119)For this reason, the damage of the cigarette has been constantly discussed. Especially for the first time the some damages of the cigarette began to be discussed clearly and seriously in the late 1800s as a result of the development of medicine. However, these discussions attracted little interest because the tobacco had a 'glorious', 'clean' history of 350 years. This situation caused the spread of tobacco throughout the world. (Atasoy, 2008: 19). However, especially from 1900 until 1960 a significant number of deaths due to smoking cigarette have been observed in many countries, particularly in the USA, allowing for a closer examination of the relationship between smoking and cancer. (Eysenck, 2000: 33). According to some scientific calculations made, it is claimed that the amount of smoke coming from the burning of a gram of tobacco in the cigarette is about 650-700 cm. It is thought that about 10 percent of the amount coming in mouth.( Babuna ve Bayhan, 2009: 100). Body decay of smokers are faster than non-smokers. Because, besides physiological wearing, thousands of poisonous substances in cigarettes and tobacco disturb organs and their physiological work, preventing the cells of the body from renewing themselves. (Babuna ve Bayhan, 2009: 101). Although cigarette is known for having many such and such harmful effects, people continue to smoke it. (Keyishian, 2003, 11). People usually only have to quit smoking if they have a very serious health problem, in this situation that is generally too late (Luch, 2009: 98). Of course, cigarette smoking is one of the important problems that must be resolved. The rate of smoking among people is high, so the illness and mortality rate due to cigarette is also high. A total effort is needed to reduce the negative effect of cigarette on people. Cigarette using rates and harms can be minimized through governmental practices, institutional studies and individual efforts. In this study, it was aimed to determine the dimensions of the smoking habits of the personnel who work in the public organization in Konya province centre and the factors that are effective in the acquisition of smoking habits.Purpose and importance in study The main purpose of the study is to determine the cigarette habits of personnel working in the workplace in Konya, to determine what the factors are and which level the habit is. While the smoking habits of the personnel employed in public institutions are revealed in Konya, the study is important that the incidence of cigarette usage in public institutions, smoking reasons and related awareness. Method and sample A field research was conducted in public institutions in Konya, where everyone in public ins