TÜRK DÜNYASI İLE KÜLTÜREL İLİŞKİLER BAĞLAMINDA YAPILANDIRILAN KURUM VE KURULUŞLAR

INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS CONSTRUCTED IN THE CONTEXT OF CULTURAL RELATIONS WITH THE TURKISH WORLD

Özet

1991 yılında Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği'nin dağılması ile birlikte Türk Cumhuriyetlerinin bağımsızlıklarını kazanması, bölgenin gerek konumu gerekse sahip olduğu enerji kaynakları açısından ilgi odağı haline gelmesine neden olmuştur. Çoğu ülkenin bölgeden pay alabilme yarışına girdiği bir dönemde taraflar arasındaki tarihi ve kültürel bağlar Türkiye'nin diğerlerine göre avantajlı bir durum elde etmesini sağlamıştır. Ne var ki, söz konusu bağlar yakınlaşmanın yanında sorumluluk ve beklentiyi de beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu doğrultuda bağımsızlıklarını ilan eden Türk Cumhuriyetlerini ilk tanıyan ülke Türkiye olmuş ve ihtiyaç duyacakları her konuda destek olmaya hazır olduğunu belirtmiştir. Türkiye ve Türk Cumhuriyetleri arasında 1991'den sonra yeterliliği tartışılsa da siyasi, ekonomik ve kültürel ilişkilerin geliştirilmesine yönelik önemli adımlar atılmıştır. Çok sayıda anlaşma ve protokol imzalanmıştır. Türkiye, Türk Cumhuriyetlerine yönelik olarak uyguladığı politikada ulusal kurumların yanı sıra uluslararası kurumlara da aktif biçimde rol vermiş; faaliyetleri sadece devlet eliyle yürütmekten ziyade özel sektör kuruluşlarına da bölgede gerçekleştirilecek projeler kapsamında fırsat tanımıştır. Türkiye'nin 1991 sonrasında Türk Cumhuriyetlerine yönelik olarak izlediği politikalara, çeşitli kurumlar vasıtasıyla gerçekleştirdiği faaliyetlere bakıldığında kültür alanında eğitim ve iletişimin en öncelikli meseleler olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışma Türk Cumhuriyetleri ile Türkiye arasındaki kültürel ilişki ve tarihi bağların güçlenmesine yönelik gerçekleştirilen faaliyetleri ve "daha ne yapılabilir"i konu almıştır

Abstract

With the disintegration of the Soviet Socialist Republics in 1991, the independence of the Turkish republics has led to the region becoming a focus of attention in terms of both in terms of its position and its possession of energy sources. Historical and cultural ties between the parties at a time when most of the countries are in a race to get a share in the region have made Turkey enjoy an advantageous position compared to others. However, these ties have brought responsibility and expectations as well as convergence. Turkey was the first country to recognize the Turkish republics that declared their independence in this direction and stated that they were ready to support them in any way. Although we discussed the adequacy of Turkey and the Turkish Republics after 1991, important steps have been taken to improve political, economic and cultural relations. Numerous agreements and protocols have been signed. Turkey gave an active role to international institutions as well as national institutions in the politics it applies to Turkish Republics; it gives opportunity to the private sector organizations to conduct projects to be realized in the region rather than the activities done only by the state. Looking at the policy that Turkey followed towards the Turkish republics in 1991, education and communication in the field of culture seem to be the most important issues. This study is about the activities carried out to strengthen the cultural ties and historical ties between the Turkish Republics and Turkey and "what else can be done". STRUCTURED ABSTRACT With the disintegration of the Soviet Socialist Republics, the declaration of the independence of the Turkic republics like Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan has required many countries to reshape their foreign policy. Because the region where the Turkish republics are located is a crossroads for east-west as well as neighboring countries such as Russia, China, Afghanistan and Iran. It is not surprising that the wealth of energy resources also contributes to the competitiveness of the region as an attraction for the various countries. While the countries surrounding the Turkish republics have entered the race to make the most profit with respect to the income from energy sources; for the Turkic Republics, to be able to put their national identities in front by merely disseminating their independence beyond the declaration and by erasing the Soviet traces as much as possible. When the next step after independence is evaluated from the point of view of Turkey, it is seen that the historical and cultural ties with the Turkish Republics are an element that facilitates the development of relations and bring about anticipation along with the rapprochement. As a matter of fact, Turkey has been perceived as a "role model" that can be taken as an example in terms of application of market economy as well as democratic and secular order. Turkey was the first country to recognize the Turkish republics and to open the first embassies in the region. From the very first moment Turkish delegations were sent to the region, emphasizing the importance of historical ties and development of relations and cooperation, emphasis has been given to the establishment of institutions to serve this purpose. Private entrepreneurs were also given opportunities in the development of relations and private sector organizations were encouraged to make investments in the Turkish Republics. In addition to national institutions, international institutions seem to contribute to the relations. When we look at the cultural relations between Turkey and the Turkic Republics from the point of view of the institutions, it is seen that National Institutions such as the Turkish Cooperation and Development Agency (TIKA), Ministry of Culture, the Presidency for Turks Abroad and Related Communities , Ministry of National Education, Higher Education Institution (YÖK) and the Television Corporation (TRT), Yunus Emre Institute and the Turkish World Research Foundation have signed many projects in the fields of education, communication, language and religion. TIKA has been organizing scientific meetings such as symposiums and conferences in order to strengthen the common values, establishing trade fairs for promoting Turkish products, printing books or textbooks about Turkish elders, support for training materials as well as being actively involved in many other issues. On the one hand, the restoration and preservation of the Turkish monuments in the region is made possible, and the project of researching Turkish works in Mongolia and its surroundings, which enables new finds to be reached, or the restoration of Sultan Sencer Tomb, the ruler of the Great Seljuk State in the city of Merv, Turkmenistan, between 2002-2004, which are important projects undertaken by TIKA. The most important project that Turkey has carried out in the field of culture and education towards the Turkish Republics is undoubtedly the "Great Student Project" which started from 1992-1993 academic year. It was aimed to educate students from Turkish Republics with state scholarship in Turkey with the aim of contributing to the cultivation of qualified human power, increasing the level of education, educating a new generation with common culture consciousness. Trainings can be taken for secondary education, higher education, graduate and doctorate. From the perspective of the future of our relations, it is also important for the incoming students to leave the country well qualified and well-trained. Turkishness consciousness and the use of the Turkish language have been prioritized in the activities carried out. At this point, the Turkish republics opened various schools, faculties and courses in the region to help close the human power deficits; it is worth to mention the Turkish World Research Foundation which has given great importance to Turkish education by adopting single alphabet writi